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The Acadians are exiled from their homes
The Arcadians were colonists in Nova Scotia and were mostly independent until the British asked them to swear fealty, or at least to stay out of the conflict between Britain and France. But then Governor Charles Lawrence lost a fort and noted that there were some 200 Arcadian soldiers amongst the troops that took Fort Beauséjour. Lawrence pressed for them to take an unqualified oath of allegiance to Britain. then they said no and he imprisoned them and deported the rest of the arcadians -
The Battle on the Plains of Abraham
This was the war that led to the surrender of Québec to the British. Montcalm decided to attack quickly before the British had the chance to get prepared and as a result Wolfe died soon after the firing started,along with many other British officers leaving the majority of the British troops without a leader, and eventually forced the British, and their navy to leave -
Lord Durham’s report encourages the assimilation of the Francophone colonists
Lord Durham was sent to the northern and southern Canada, and after just four months he came back, and with some pretty crazy propositions. He got the two colonies became one, a government was formed and a supreme court. However by merging the two colonies he also wanted to assimilate the french Canadians witch he called "a people with no literature and no history". He thought that it would create peace and tranquility and he thought that it would make a larger English market in Canada. -
Confederation
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Manitoba Schools Question becomes an issue in the federal election 3 May
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Indian act
This act was enacted under the parliament of Canada, the purpose of this act was to allow the government to assimilate the first nations peoples. It was also for the government to enact treaty rights -
Riel rebellion
Also known as the north-west rebellion, this was a metis uprising under command of Louis Riel under the Saskatchewan district of Canada. This was because they believed that the Canadian government was failing to protect their land, individuality, and rights. they were defeated at the siege of bateau, Louis Riel was then hanged -
Chinese Head Tax discriminates against Chinese immigration
This was the first time that Canada excluded immigrants based off of ethnicity, the head tax was originally only a levie of 50$, but then it was raised to 500$. when the head tax was removed in 1923, their immigration to Canada was banned until 1943 -
Conscription crisis during World War One
After the horrible casualties of 1916, the Quebecois liberal leader Sir Wilfred Laurier refused sir Robbert Boyer's decision that conscription was necessary. He believed that Quebec would never agree with conscription and believed that if he enforced this order that he would lose his following and popularity amongst the Quebec peoples. This caused a load of tension between the french and English Canadian people -
The Statute of Westminster is passed
The statue of westminister was passed, clarifying the power of the the parliament. It granted the colonies full freedoms in exception to the areas that chose to remain a British colonies. -
The referendum is held to decide if Newfoundland should join Canada
Before the referendums, Newfoundland was in debt, and went through multiple votes for the country to either join Canada or Become a British state once again and the result at the end of it all was that Newfoundland was a member of the Canadian Confederation. -
Quiet Revolution-
During this time the Quebec state was going through many changes, economically and in the government. -
Canada adopts the maple leaf flag-
The Canadian parliament decided that we needed a new flag to represent our originality, as the red one that was being used up until this point was generally unrecognizable, and after getting permision from the queen of England, they got what they wanted so long as the colors were red and white -
The Red Paper- June of
The red paper was written to the queen that the Canadian government was taking away something that was given to the people by the crown (land claims and economic policies.) -
Canada becomes officially bilingual
The decision for canada to become officially bilingual was passed in New Bruinswick and was a part of the Official Languages Act. -
The White Paper on Aboriginal Rights
Developed by Pierre Trudeau Jeanne Cartier, the statement on the government of Canada, aimed to abolish any previous policies on first nations peoples, the goal was to assimilate all Native people under the Canadian state. The statement proposed to eliminate Indian status, incorporate natives under the government responsibilities and impose land responsibilities and impose economic agendas for the aboriginal people. Needless to say people were upset and it was abolished one year later -
FLQ Crisis- 5 October 1970
The October crisis began with the Kidnapping of James Cross by the member of the FLQ but soon became a very serious terrorist act. It led to the kidnapping and murder of Pierre LaPorte. this led to the ONLY moment of terror during the peace time -
The Calder Case
Chief Calder of the Nisga'a tribel council came before the supreme court as they felt they were being mistreated and that their rights to their land had been ignored. The court decided that the Aboriginal titles were in tyhe land -
Election of the Parti Quebecois
In Quebec's 1973 provincial election, the Parti Quebecois finally gained victory based on Claude Morin campaign strategy that promised a referendum on sovereignty associates by their first term. -
Bill 101 is passed into law in Quebec
Bill 101 Was introduced by Camille Laurin made french the official language of government and public spaces as well as for commerce. the English language pressure group ALLIANCE QUEBEC was later removed. -
The NEP (National Energy Program) is implemented
This was an attempt made by PM Pierre Treaudeau to take control over the oil and natural resources and to redistribute Alberta's wealth. This lead to Decades of resentment from the Albertan people -
Canada adopts official multiculturalism
This concept was acknowledged in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and it states that the Charter itself “shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with the preservation and enhancement of the multicultural heritage of Canadians.” -
Meech Lake Accord
Prime Minister Brian Mulroney tried to win Québec's permission to the revised Canadian Constitution — following the Québec government's rejection of it in 1981. This resulted in the Meech Lake Accord "an agreement between the federal and provincial governments to amend the Constitution". -
The Oka Crisis
The Oka Crisis was a 78-day standoff between the Mohawk first nations tribe, protesters, police, and army. At the heart of the crisis was the proposed golf course on disputed land that included a Mohawk burial ground -
Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
This was a broad survey of the relations between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples in Canada. The Report made many recommendations, However, it is significant for the scope and depth of research, and remains a prudent document in the study of Aboriginal peoples in Canada -
Supreme Court states that turbans can be worn with the RCMP uniform
Baltej Singh Dhillon was a Sikh member of the RCMP and wanted to wear a turban with his uniform,so he talked to his commanding officer and he suggested that he went to the federal government to remove the ban on beards and turbans. Over 90,000 Canadians sign petitions against allowing turbans to be worn in the RCMP, with one Albertan entrepreneur selling thousands of calendars making fun of the RCMP uniform changes -
Formation of the Bloc Quebecois
This was Founded as a parliamentary movement composed of Quebec MPs who left the Conservative and Liberal parties after the failure of the Meech Lake Accord -
The Charlottetown Accord
The Charlottetown Accord was a failed, joint attempt to amend the Canadian Constitution,and for Quebec's consent to the Constitution Act of 1982. The Accord would have also decentralized many federal powers to the provinces, and it was eventually voted against. -
The last residential school closes in Canada
In 1969, the system was taken over by the Department of Indian Affairs and the government decided to stop funding, and assimilate the schools, but this met with resistance from the Catholic Church, which felt that segregated education was the best approach for Indigenous children -
PM Harper announces in the House of Commons that Quebec is a nation within a nation-state
Prime minister Stephan Harper proposed a bill that would,
-Amend the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
-Establish a duty of neutrality and reserve for all state personnel (including state-funded education and health care workers).
-Limit the wearing of "conspicuous" religious symbols for said personnel.
-Make it mandatory to have one’s face uncovered when providing or receiving a state service.
-Establish an implementation policy for state organizations.
and it was later denied in2014 -
Canada apologizes for Residential School
Prime minister Stephan Harper declared on behalf of all of Canada, the regret we hold for the abuse and inhumanity of residential schools. -
The publication of the TRC 94 Calls to Action
The 94 calls to action represent the first step toward redressing the legacy of Indian Residential Schools and advancing the process of reconciliation, said the Honourable Justice Murray Sinclair, chair of the TRC. “Starting now, we all have an opportunity to show leadership, courage and conviction in helping heal the wounds of the past as we make a path towards a more just, more fair and more loving country,” said Sinclair. -
National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls
the government held meetings across Canada with survivors, family members and loved ones, as well as National Indigenous Organizations, provincial/territorial representatives, front-line organizations and others to seek their views and input on the design and scope of the Inquiry.
