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The dictatorship of Primo de Rivera failed to solve the underlying problems, and he was replaced by a republic in 1931. -
Niceto Alcalá Zamora assumes the presidency of the provisional government. He is a moderate -
Establishment of the Second Republic. -
Left-wing election victories; Manuel Azaña becomes prime minister at the head of a reforming government. Liberal reforms and “La Sanjurjada” -
The Spanish Constitution of 1931 was approved on December 9 by the Constituent Cortes, after the Spanish general elections of 1931 that followed the proclamation of the Second Republic. -
The period of Manuel Azaña and the Azañista period known as the Reformist Biennium begins. -
There was a considerable rise in membership of the socialist-led peasant workers’ union, the Federación Nacional de Trabajadores de la Tierra -
Formation of CEDA (mass Catholic right-wing party). -
José Antonio Primo de Rivera established the Falange Española, a far-right nationalist political group committed to overthrowing the Republican government. -
The victory of a right-wing coalition after the 1933 elections led to Alejandro Lerroux’s rule, which marked the beginning of the Conservative Biennium. -
Right-wing government takes office; revolt of Asturias. Coup d'état in Asturias carried out by PSOE and UGT. -
Germany's militarization of the Rhineland. Stresa Front agreement. Spain state of affairs remains the same. -
The Popular Front, a broad left-wing coalition headed by Manuel Azaña, wins the majority of seats in the Spanish Cortes (parliament). -
Assassination of right-wing leader José Calvo Sotelor was the trigger for the war. Sotelo had been in exile from 1931–34, but had returned to become a leading right-wing figure associated with the Spanish fascists (the Falange) -
General Francisco Franco declares a state of war. Assassination of left wing leader Jose del Castillo. Assassination of right wing Jose Calvo Sotelo.