-
Period: Jan 1, 1301 to
Middle East
Ottoman Empire 1301-1922
Split of the Roman Empire = Constantinople 1453
Absorbedother ghazi states, and established a firm power base as a regional Muslim power.
Constantinople= Istanbul
Powerfull army, power centralized, religion incorporated in the state structure.
Crimea War 1853- against Russia
Outbreak of WWI- British ocuppation of Baghdad and Jerusalem
1918- Turkish resistane collapsed
1920- Treaty of Sevres: cesion to the allies the Eastern Mediterranean
Islam, Judaism and Christianity -
Period: Jan 1, 1500 to
Scientific Revolution
Between the XVI and XVII Century
Renaissance thinkers believed that mathematics was the key to understanding the nature of things in the universe
+ Nicolaus Copernicus - Heliocentric Universe
+ Johannes Kepler - Elliptical Orbits of the Planets
+ Galileo Galilei - Heavenly Bodies made of Material Substance
+ Isaac Newton - Universal Law of Gravitation
+ Descartes - Father of Modern Rationalism
+ Bacon - Scientific Method -
Period: to
Enlightenment
XVIII Century philosophical movement of intellectuals who were greatly impressed with the achievements of the Scientific Revolution
-Voltaire= Author of "Lettres Philosophiques"
-Rousseau= Author of the "Social Contract"
-Diderot= Author of "L'Encyclopédie" or Encyclopedia
-Locke= Author of "Two Treatises of Government"
-Montesquieu= Author “Spirit of the Laws”
-Hobbes= Author of the "Leviathan"
-Adam Smith= Author of "The Wealth of the Nations", known as the father of the economy -
American Revolution
Middle of XVIII Century – 13 Colonies
December 16th, 1773 - Boston Tea Party
Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson was approved on July 4th, 1776
Seven years of fight against Great Britain 1777 - 1783
Benjamin Franklin travels to Paris to ask King Louis XVI for his support
1787 – Federal Democratic Republic under the Presidency of George Washington -
Period: to
1st Industrial Revolution
Begins in Great Britain
It expands to Europe: Belgium, France and latter to the USA
Use of Coal and Iron
"Spinning Jenny" ,Locomotive, Paddle-Wheel Steamboat
New Social Classes: Industrial Middle Class and Industrial Working Class
Socialism= rises because of the pitiful conditions created by the Industrial Revolution -
French Revolution
Social conditions and Enlightenment ideas formed a background to the French Revolution
July 14th, 1789–STORMING OF THE BASTILLE
Constitution of 1791-set up a limited monarchy
The royal family attempted to flee France-Louis XVI
The Reign of Terror 1793-1799
Maximilien Robespierre - Leader of the Committee of Public Safety
Guillotine
January 21st, 1793 the King was beheaded on the guillotine
New constitution was created: Constitution of 1795
Executive power: Committee of five called The Directory -
Haiti Independence
Saint Domingue – French Colony in the Hispaniola Island
The night of 21 August 1791 - the slaves of Saint Domingue rose in revolt and plunged the colony into civil war
1792, slave rebels controlled a third of the island
August 1793 - freed the slaves in St. Domingue (4th of February 1794, Maximilien Robespierre abolished slavery by law in France and all its colonies )
1 January 1804 - Jean-Jacques Dessalines officially declared the former colony's independence, renaming it "Haiti" -
Napoleonic Empire
1799–Coup d'état to overthrew the Directory=The Consulate
1804–Emperor Napoleon I
Creation of the Civil Code or Napoleonic Code
France in war with: Russia, GB and Austria
1807-1812–Napoleon Master of Europe
Napoleon’s downfall began in 1812-Invade Russia
March 1814–Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba
Monarchy restored-Louis XVIII
Napoleon left the island of Elba and slipped back into France
Waterloo–June 18th, 1815–Defeat Napoleon's Army
Napoleon exiled to St. Helena Island -
Period: to
Imperialism
Domination of a country over other
England, France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, USA.
Demographical, Economical, Ideological and Political Causes
Colonies, Protectorates, Domanins and Spheres of Influence -
Period: to
Imperialism in Africa
WEST AFRICA
England=Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, Nigeria
France=French West Africa
Germany=Togo, Cameroon, German Southwest Africa, German East Africa
NORTH AFRICA
England=Egypt(Suez Canal) Sudan
France=Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco
Italy=Lybia, Defeated in Ethiophia
CENTRAL AFRICA
Belgium=Congo
France=French Equatorial Africa
EAST AFRICA
Berlin Conference 1884-1885
-Germany,Portugal,England-divide territory
-Liberia, Ethiopia-Free
SOUTH AFRICA
First Netherlands then England
Boers Wars(Boers-British) -
Period: to
Imperialism in China
DECLINE OF THE QING DYNASTY 1839-1911
Opium Wars: Treaty of Nanjing= Hong Kong to Britain
Tai Ping Rebellion: Hong Xiuquan, son of God
Open Door Policy
Boxer Rebellion: against foreign intervention
REVOLUTION 1911-1913
Henry Pu Yi - Last Emperor
Sun Yat Sen - begins the revolutionary movement, co founded the Kuomintang
Yuan Shigai - general that leaded the revolution and takes the control of China
After the revolution began the Civil War -
Period: to
Imperialism in Japan
Treaty of Kanagawa= Ends Japan Isolation
Emperor Mutshuito= He called his reign the Meiji or ´´Enlightened Rule´´
Meiji Constitution= was modeled after Germany's one
Russo-Japanese War began in 1904 for the control of Korea
US recognized the role of Japan in Korea. Japan recognized US control in Philippines
A group of leading Taiwanese, defeated the Japanese and declared Taiwan a republic – Asia's first independent republic -
Period: to
Imperialism in India
The Great Rebellion / Sepoy Mutiny / First War of Independence
-Sepoys against East India Trade Company
British Parliament, transferred the powers of the East India Company directly to the British Government
-Queen Victoria (Empress of India)
Lot of natural resources: tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, jute, and opium
Indian people paid high price for peace and stability brought by british rule
1885–Indian National Congress (INC)
1915 – Gandhi comes back to India - leader of the National Movement -
Period: to
Imperialism in Southeast of Asia
England= Singapore, Burma (Myanmar), Malaysia
France= French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Annam, Tonkin and Laos)
United States= in 1898 during the Spanish-American War, Americans pull of Philippines from Spanish people.
Thailand= Formerly called Siam was the only remaining free state in Southeast Asia -
Independencia de México
INICIACIÓN 1810–1811
Conspiración de Querétaro
Grito de Dolores-Miguel Hidalgo
Acatita de Baján-Traición a Hidalgo, Allende, Jiménez y Aldama
ORGANIZACIÓN 1811–1815
Junta de Zitácuaro
Congreso de Chilpancingo-Sentimientos de la Nación-Morelos
Constitución Apatzingán
RESISTENCIA 1815–1820
Vicente Guerrero y Francisco Javier Mina
CONSUMACIÓN 1821
Abrazo de Acatempan-Iturbide y Guerrero
Plan de Iguala
Tratados de Córdova-Iturbide y O'Donojú
Entrada del Ejército Trigarante a CDMX-21 Septiembre 1821 -
Chile Independence
September 18, 1810 - Chile declared its independence
They were theeoretically loyal to the king Ferdinand VII of Spain
+ Bernardo O'Higgins
+ José de San Martín - Argentina
Royalist forces were defeated by José de San Martín in 1821
February 12, 1818 - A declaration of independence was officially issued by Chile and formally recognized by Spain in 1844 -
Venezuela Independence
The Congress declared Venezuela's independence on 5 July 1811, establishing the Republic of Venezuela
Simón Bolívar led an campaign to retake Venezuela, establishing the Second Republic of Venezuela in 1813
On 17 December 1819 the Congress of Angostura declared Gran Colombia an independent country.
Colombia, Panama,Ecuador and Venezuela
After two more years of war, the country achieved independence from Spain in 1821 -
Congress of Vienna
Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia
Restore the Old Order and arrange a final peace settlement
4 Principles: Legitimacy, Compensation, Stability and Balance of Power
Holly Alliance: Russia, Austria, Prussia - Establish and guard the principles of Christianity
Quadruple Alliance: Russia, Austria, Prussia, Great Britain - Military Alliance with the objective of warrantee the established limits -
Primer Imperio Mexicano
Agustín I de México
Plan de Casa Mata - Santa Anna y Guerrero
Reinstaurar el Congreso y crear una República
Marzo 1823 - Agustín I Abdica -
Brazil Independence
September 7, 1822 - Prince Pedro and his companions had spread the notice of the Brazilian independence from Portugal
September 22, 1822 – Official separation
October 12, 1822 – Prince Pedro was acclaimed Dom Pedro I, Constitutional Emperor and Perpetual Defender of Brazil
War between the Brazilians and Portuguese - February 1822 to November 1823
Summer 1825 - Peace treaty recognizing Brazil's independence -
Triunvirato
Poder Ejecutivo en Tres Personas:
Nicolás Bravo, Pedro Celestino Negrete y Guadalupe Victoria -
Period: to
Primera República Federal
Promulgación Constitución 4 Octubre 1824
Guadalupe Victoria - Primer Presidente de México
Intento de Reconquista de España - 1829
Ley 6 Abril 1830 - Restringir Inmigración Estadounidense a Texas
Santa Anna Presidente por Primera Vez - Mayo 1833 -
1830 Revolutions
France – “July Revolution” “Trois Glorieuses
- Charles X is overthrown, Louis-Philippe new King
Belgium
- Rebellion against Netherlands
- Creation of an Independent State - Leopold I
Germany, Poland and Italy
- Didn’t Succeed -
Period: to
Primera República Centralista
7 Leyes - Supremo Poder Conservado "4o Poder"
Inicia Rebelión en Texas
Independencia de Texas - Tratado de Velazco
España Reconoce la Independencia de México - 28 Dic 1836
Guerra de los Pasteles -
Period: to
Segunda República Centralista
Bases Orgánicas
Texas se Incorpora a EUA
Inicia la Guerra con Estados Unidos - California y Nuevo México -
Period: to
Segunda República Federal
Se retoma la Constitución de 1824
Batalla de Chapultepec - Niños Héroes
Fin de la Guerra con EUA - Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo - Pérdida de Nuevo México y California
Plan del Hospicio - Regresar a Santa Anna al Poder -
1848 Revolutions
France
- Louis-Philippe Abdicates
- Constitution 4 November – Second Republic
- Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (nephew of Napoleon I)
- Second French Empire- Napoleon III
Austrian Empire
-Finish with the Liberal movements
German Confederation - "Märzrevolution"
-Frankfurt Parliament
-Unified Germany
-Constitutional Monarchy
-Didn't Succeed -
Dictadura de Santa Anna
Venta de la Mesilla
Creación del Himno Nacional
Plan de Ayutla - Fin de la Dictadura
Santa Anna sale del País el 12 de Agosto de 1855 -
Restauración de la República
Leyes de Reforma = SEPARACIÓN IGLESIA-ESTADO
-Suprimir los fueros del clero y del ejército
-Matrimonio Religioso sin Validez Oficial
-Se declararon los días festivos, prohibiendo la asistencia oficial a las festividades religiosas
-Religión Católica deja de ser la única permitida
Constitución 1857 - 5 Febrero
GUERRA DE REFORMA 1857-1861
Liberales- Benito Juarez, Veracruz
Conservadores- Félix Zuloaga, CDMX -
Italian Unification
Victor Emmanuel II- Piedmont
Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour– Prime Minister 1852
Alliance con Napoleon III = Austria declares war in 1859
- Nice and Savoy– to France
- Lombardy– to Piedmont
Giuseppe Garibaldi– Leader in the south - Redshirts Army
September 1860– Kingdom of the Two Sicilies fall
March 17th, 1861– Kingdom of Italy – King Victor Emmanuel II
Austro-Prussian War 1866- Italy gets the control of Veneto
Franco Purssian War1870- Annexation of Rome to Italy
Rome Capital of Italy -
Segundo Imperio Mexicano
INTERVENCIÓN EUROPEA 1861-1864
Convenio de Londres (Inglaterra, España, Francia)
Guerra contra Francia - Batalla 5 de Mayo
IMPERIO
Maximiliano de Habsburgo Y Carlota - 28 Mayo 1864
-Apoyo de Francia
Liberalismo de Maximiliano-Enemistad con el grupo Conservador
Francia retiró apoyo a Maximiliano - Guerra Franco-Prusiana
Maximiliano trata de Abdicar y de Salir del País - Alianza con Conservadores
Maximiliano Capturado y condenado a muerte -
American Civil War
Abraham Lincoln – President 1860
December 1860 - United States Secession
Confederate States of America - 1861
-Southern States, Slavery States, Jefferson Davies
United States of America
-Northern States, Abolish Slavery, Abraham Lincoln
January 1863 – Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln is murdered - April 1865
December 1865 – 13th Amendment was ratified and slavery was officially abolished -
Period: to
2nd Industrial Revolution
Industrialized and Non-Industrialized Nations
The Middle Class Appeared
Labor Reforms
- Higher Wages
- Better working conditions
- Reduction of the weekly working days
- VACATIONS!
Syndicates= organizations of workers
Socialist Parties based in the ideas of Marx
Petroleum,Electricity, Steel replace Coal and Iron
Transport and Communications Development - Era of Inventions -
German Unification
Failure of the Frankfurt Parliament in 1849
William I–King of Prussia
Otto Von Bismarck–Prime Minister (Realpolitik)
Austro-Prussian War 1866
- North German Confederation
Southern German States
- Military alliance with Prussia to protect from France
Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871
- Southern German States support Prussia
- France is defeated
Southern German States unify with North German Confederation + Alsace and Lorraine
William I–Kaiser of the Second German Empire
BIGGEST POWER IN EUROPE -
Period: to
Porfiriato
1876-1910
Gobierno Centralista que se convierte en Dictadura
Atracción de Inversión Extranjera
Industrias= vidrio, hielo, fundición (Norte de México)
Ferrocarril, Telégrafo, Alumbrado Público, Drenaje, etc.
Científicos - Positivismo
Élite Blanca - Clase apta para gobernar
Rurales - Caminos
Surge la Clase Media
Se instauran las celebraciones cívicas
Se adoptan costumbres francesas
25 de mayo de 1911 - Porfirio Díaz deja la presidencia y sale del país rumbo a Francia -
Cuba Independence
José Martí - nationalist leader
Revolution in order to achieve independence from Spain.
Against the U.S. annexation of Cuba
The insurrection began on February 24, 1895, with uprisings all across the island
Spain was fighting two wars: against Cuba and against Philippines
Spain asked for peace on July 17, 1898
December 10, 1898 - the United States and Spain signed the Treaty of Paris = Recognized Cuban independence
