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HAITIAN REVOLUTION BEGINS
The slave revolt on the French island of Saint-Dominigue (now known as Haiti) begins, which leads to its independence. -
Period: to
Revolutions in Latin America!
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VON HUMBOLDT'S EXPLORATION
German geographer Alexander von Humboldt explores Mexico and South America. -
HAITIAN REVOLUTION ENDS
Saint-Domingue finally gains its independence in a slave revolt. The island was later named Haiti, and was the first successful slave revolt in the New World. You can read Thomas Jefferson's letter regarding the beginning of the Haitian revolt here. -
RULING JUNTAS ESTABLISHED.
Creoles establish ruling juntas in Caracas, Venezuela; Santiago, Chile; Buenos Aires, Argentina. -
GRITO DE DOLORES
The priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla issues the "Grito de Dolores" (the cry of Dolores) in Mexico which begins the War of Independence against Spain. The outcry: My children: a new dispensation comes to us today. Will you receive it? Will you free yourselves? Will you recover the lands stolen three hundred years ago from your forefathers by the hated Spaniards? We must act at once… Will you defend your religion and your rights as true patriots? Long live our Lady of Guadalupe! Death to bad gove -
VENEZUELAN INDEPENDENCE!
Venezuela and Paraguay declare independence from Spain! -
HIDALGO EXECUTED
Hidalgo is defeated and executed. José Maria Morelos y Pavón takes command of the insurrection. -
BOLIVAR'S RETREAT
Simón Bolívar forced to retreat to the island of Jamaica. -
ARGENTINIAN INDEPENDENCE
Argentina declares independence from Spanish! -
CHILE INDEPENDENCE
Chile declares independence. -
BRAZILIAN EXPORTS
Sugar, cotton and the coffee become the main exports of Brazil. This can be contributed to the Colmbian Exchange and shaped a lot of Brazil's current economy. -
PLAN OF IGUALA
The Plan of Iguala
Agustín de Iturbide declares Mexico independent with his Plan of Iguala. -
PERUVIAN INDEPENDENCE
Jose de San Martin leads large troops , including volunteers under Thomas Cochrane, to invade Peru from the Chilean border. This leads to its independence from Spanish rule. -
BRAZILIAN INDEPENDENCE
King Pedro declares Brazil independent from Portugal. -
JEAN-PIERRE BOYER OF HAITI
Jean-Pierre Boyer unifies Haiti and becomes its dictator until 1843, when it forcefully removed from power. he later dies in Paris, France. -
CHILE FREE OF SLAVERY
Slavery is abolished in Chile. -
MONROE DOCTRINE
The Monroe Doctrine is created by james Monroe in "defense of the South American nations". Read the full analysis and full text of the Monroe Doctrine. -
BRAZILIAN CONSTITUTION
Brazil enacts a constitution, the first of seven the country will come to have. It will be ONE of the world's first enacted constitutions. -
MEXICAN CONSTITUTION
A liberal constitution is enacted in Mexico, with the abolition of the Inquisition and of torture, and with Guadalupe Victoria as president . You can read the Mexican Constitution of 1824 here. -
COFFEE IN COSTA RICA
Costa Rica begins to export coffee. -
CONGRESS OF PANAMA
Bolivar organizes the Congress of Panama to promote Latin American union. -
ECUADOR AND THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
Ecuador annexes the Galapagos islands . Ecuador unsuccessfully attempted to annex Popayán province from Colombia by war in 1832 and occupied the Galápagos Islands that year. -
BRITISH INVASION IN ARGENTINA
Britain invades the Malvinas/Falkland islands of Argentina. They kept control until 1976! -
BRAZIL'S EXPORTS
Sao Paulo has become the biggest producer of coffee, which has passed sugar and cotton as Brazil's main export. This creates a shifting of the economic center of mass towards the south -
DOMINICAN INDEPENDENCE
The Dominican Republic declares its independence from Haiti -
JUAREZ IN MEXICO
Benito Juarez becomes the governor of Oaxaca in Mexico, and the mestizo Porfirio Diaz becomes his right-hand man -
TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO
At the end of the Mexican war (treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo), the USA acquires New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, Utah and California (almost half of Mexico's territory)! Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo explained in song! -
SLAVES IN BRAZIL
The total count of slaves that Brazil; had imported from Africa in just one year reaches 60,000. -
MEXICAN LAWS AGAINST THE CHURCH
Mexico passes a law expropriating the Church of all its lands . This started a civil war because the beneficiaries are mostly foreigners and rich Mexicans. -
EUROPE ALLIES AGAINST MEXICO
Britain, France and Spain ally against Mexican reforms. -
VENEZUELA = NO DEATH PENALTY
Venezuela abolishes the death penalty for all crimes. They become the first country in the world to outlaw the death penalty. -
BRITAIN FREES BRAZILIAN SLAVES
British ships create a six-day blockade of Rio to force Brazil to free slaves. -
PARAGUAYAN SURRENDER
Paraguay surrenders to Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay after having lost more than 50% of its population (300,000 people) in the war (almost all its male citizens), and Paraguay's dictator Lopez commits suicide. -
PORFIRIO DIAZ
The mestizo Porfirio Diaz overthrows Mexico's president Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada in the name of free elections. He then proceeds to create a dictatorship in Mexico, but also develops the infrastructure of country. -
BRAZILIAN EMPIRE
Francesco Matarazzo arrives in Brazil from Italy and begins building an economic empire -
JOSE MARTI IN THE USA
Jose Marti mobilizes the Cuban community in the USA against Spain. -
ARGENTINIAN CRISIS
A financial crisis hits Argentina, causing a lot of economic turmoil for businesses and families. -
MEXICAN RAILWAY
The railway from Mexico City to Monterrey to Laredo is inaugurated. This was the predecessor to the Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México. -
COLOMBIAN CONCORDAT
Colombia signs a concordat with the Catholic Church. -
CHILEAN REPUBLIC
Balmaceda is deposed in a coup staged by the parliament, and naval captain Jorge Montt Alvarez becomes president of Chile. This marks the beginning of the parliamentary republic in Chile. -
JOSE MARTI KILLED
Jose Marti lands in Cuba and proclaims the independence of Cuba from Spain. However, he is killed by Spanish troops. He was a dedicated revolutionary of Cuba who was also gifted with a brilliant talent for poetry. He is well-known for his 'Versos Sencillos.' Listen to a poem of Marti's, sung by Sara Gonzalez. -
SOURCES!
The following sources are credited for this timeline: http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/ (this is awesome!) http://www2.truman.edu/~marc/resources/chron.html http://www.timelineindex.com/content/select/1435/45,1340,1432,1435
