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Apr 4, 1500
First Occupants
The native people who have been in the Americas for hundreds of years divided themselves into various groups such as: The Algonquins(who were nomadic), the Iroquois(who were semi-sedentary) and the Inuits who lived in the far North. The each had distinct characteristics but they both had several sub-groups, but the Algonquins lived in patriarchy whereas the Iroquois' society was a matriarchy. They had no official leaders and did not believe in currency, everybody shared everything. -
Apr 4, 1500
Crossing of the Land Bridge
-Passage used by primitive humans to reach the Americas long before Columbus
-They crossed from Russia or Asia into North America
-They probably crossed over chasing animals since they were a nomadic people, they follow the food -
Period: Apr 4, 1500 to
Population and Settlement
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Apr 4, 1530
Jacques Cartier's Voyages
Jacques Cartier was sent on a series of voyages to North-America to achieve riches in gold, claim land for the king of France and finally find a passage to Asia because the original one was blocked by the Ottoman Turks. He was sent by King Francis and sponsored like many other countries at the time in a race for power and land. -
Seigneurial System
This system was implemented to increase population in New-France, it implies that people who are poor in France can move to start a new life in America. Even petty thieves are allowed to go and create a new living and participate in the system. The system consists of giving a plot of land to a bachelor so that they could create their house and start their life, the only payment they demand is to pay the seigneurs a portion of their crop and the occasional help. This system works very well. -
Foundation of Quebec
The first city of New-France is founded: Quebec (which derives from the native language). Quebec is built in a very strategic territory to defend any incoming attacks because Samuel de Champlain is worried about an attack from the 13 colonies. It is built where the rivers thin and on top of a huge cliff for defensive purposes. This marks the first city in all of North-America -
Company of One Hundred Associates
The Company of One Hundred associates was formed in 1627 to augment the population in the colony since at the time it only had approximately 100 inhabitants. This organization attracted several hundred new colonists but not nearly enough to achieve their goal of 4000 new colony inhabitants. The group that came was mainly composed of men who wanted to trade with the Iroquois. -
Foundation of Trois-Riviere
In 1634 Sieur de Laviolette was given the task of finding a second settlement for the french. He founded Trois-Riviere in the strategic point where three bodies of water meet the St-Laurence, the St-Mauricie and the shore of another branch of the St-Laurence. This point was crucial in trade because it facilitates transport of furs and supplies and was a place for furriers to meet. This point made trade easier because travelling was almost purely by canoe or boat. -
Foundation of Ville-Marie (Montreal)
Together Paul Chomeday and Sieur de Maisonneuve found Ville-Marie. The city was built in the heart of the native territory to make an attempt to evangelize a great number of them, in the end this city turned into a trading post among the Europeans. It was a major trading post because of its position in relation to the native village Hochelaga. It was renamed Montreal as of the 18th century -
Jean Talon and his measures to increase population
Jean Talon a french "bourgeoisie" citizen was made intendant to boost population in the colony of New-France. He took certain measures such as implementing "Les filles du Roy"(orphan girls would be shipped to be married), taxing fathers of girls who are still bachelors by age 21, soldiers in New-France were allowed to stay if they wanted and married couples with kids would be payed a certain amount according to how many kids they had to force them to repopulate and grow New-France's population. -
War of Conquest
This war in the 18th century was for the conquest of territory in North America. This war was fought by the British against the French in Canada and was finally settled when Montreal surrendered in 1960. -
Royal Proclamation
This Proclamation marks the first constitution of Quebec and New France as whole. This act marks the end of the 7 year war in Europe with France eventually losing to the English and being forced to sign over their land. The proclamation basically declared that the colony would be given over to the British rule. -
Quebec Act
This act declared in 1774 was created to appease and silence the Francophones in Quebec giving them more rights and ultimately expanding the total territory of Quebec. The English decided upon doing so because they were afraid the French would eventually rebel because of their terrible conditions. To be specific it gave them the french system of civil laws. -
British Loyalist Migration
Around the 1780s many British people loyal to the king of England migrated up into Canada to escape the United States because it was no longer under the jurisdiction of the King since the United States declared independence from England. They greatly increased the population and the english to french ratio. -
Influx of European Immigration
In 1815, the colony tried to populate by getting more white christian families into Canada. Of those who came over from several of the european countries a large part were irish because of the potato famine in Ireland. Most of the families and people crossing into Canada often had dangerous diseases so they were put in quarantine on Grosse-Ile until they got better. -
Constitutional Act
This act of 1867 separated the colony into Upper and Lower Canada creating a social hierarchy where all of the British people felt obligated to live in Upper Canada because there were no french people whereas the opposite stood for the french. There were very few people that opposed this and went to the other side, others who did not agree went to the U.S. -
Indian Act
Since the Europeans had taken most of the territory from the native tribes this act was formed to give them certain rights the Europeans wouldn't have such as hunting and fishing in certain areas exclusively. -
First Phase of Industrialization
In the first phase of industrialization machines had started being invented to ease farming and other jobs at this point rural exodus has started because the farms have been overcrowded and machines are taking people's jobs. Then people go to the cities to find jobs working again with machines in factories. Most of the new industries only required cheap unskilled workers to work in terrible conditions resulting in low pay. -
Rural Exodus
Rural Exodus ties in closely with both phases of industrialization because it forces people to move from a rural setting to the city because their jobs are being taken by machines and the farms are extremely overcrowded. This results ultimately in an influx of population in the cities and unclean work conditions. -
Immigration to the United-States and Out West
Many Quebeckers and Canadians in general during both phases of industrialization lived very difficult lives. Their lives were made difficult by the jobs they had because there were very poor work conditions they didn't make very much money and had a high likely-hood of injury or death every day so many fled to the States where there were better work conditions and the pay was slightly higher. Others who did not want to work in a factory went out west to live a farm life once more. -
Second Phase of Industrialization
This part of the industrial revolution spanned from the late 19th century to the beginning of the first world war. During this time period we developed many inventions necessary to everyday life such as a rise in steel manufacturing. This phase greatly increased population of the urban setting when the amount of factories shot up creating more jobs with slightly better work conditions. During this part of the revolution skilled workers were needed as the machines were increasingly complicated. -
Brain Train
The Brain Train is a period with no exact date because its a long process, it is simply the departure of the most educated doctors and people with degrees to the United States where they are paid higher and have better work conditions and there was a higher need for them. Thus this resulted in a drop in population all though small but significant. -
World War 1
This war marks the end of the second phase of industrialization as well as the beginning of independence and respect for women. The women had to work in the factories while the men were out fighting for their country. This war started because of alliances with certain countries and ultimately resulted in the Roaring 20's. -
Urban Sprawl
During the early 20th century the cities in Canada became much too dense in terms of the population therefore there was crowding and not much room for new establishments. The process of the city expanding and people moving to the suburbs called Urban Sprawl happened to Montreal as well as Quebec in the 1900s. -
World War 2
This war marks another important point in history that formed important and successful relations and alliances between different countries. This war started because of Hitler and his beliefs therefore Canada allied against him with several other countries such as the United States, This war ultimately resulted in the baby boom; a miracle for Canada's population in the 1900s. -
Falling Birth Rate
In the year 1964 the birth rate dropped substantially because of the creation of birth contraceptive methods, such as the the plan B Pill and even the condom for men.
