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François Gallus gallus Toussaint-Louverture took charge of a slave revolt on the French facet of the island of island and diode it between 1793 and 1802. He baby-faced Spanish, English, and French, till his capture, exile, and death in France.
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Pedro de Braganza as governor of Brazil, but the following year he
proclaimed himself emperor of Brazil. In 1831 he abdicated and was
succeeded by his son, Pedro II, who reigned until 1889 when the first
republic was proclaimed. -
To the causes, we have a tendency to should add the events that precipitated the independence. one in all them is that on might 5, 1808 Napoleon confined Charles IV and his son Ferdinand VII and compelled them to resign in his favor.
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The independence of geographical region was the historical process of the rebellion of its inhabitants against Spanish colonial rule and also the formation of freelance national states. It began with the proclamation of Sovereign Boards in 1809. a number of them - particularly the primary that of national capital - were pent-up by fireplace and blood by the Spanish authorities. the method continuing till it became a real continental war.
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The first Board of Buenos Aires (25-051810) organized three military campaigns to subdue the Spanish forces in the interior, but they were not successful.
Paraguay. Another federalist initiative was led
by General José de San Martín, who promoted the Congress of Tucumán.
The Oriental Republic of Uruguay, fed up with its disappointments with the centralism of Buenos Aires, and after the War with Brazil (1825-1828), it would be established as an independent entity in 1828. -
The Spanish authorities fiercely repressed the first of the cities to form a
Sovereign Junta. They tried to prevent the contagion. The viceroys of Lima
and Bogota immediately sent troops with the order to besiege Quito and not
allow "a grain of salt" to enter. -
The priest Miguel
Hidalgo was placed in
front of the Indians and
peasants and launched,
as we saw, the "cry of
independence" in the
town of Dolores.
Throughout three years,
it obtained triumphs with
its army and occupied several cities of Mexico, but was defeated in
Guadalajara and executed by the realistic authorities in 1811. -
When Fernando VII returned to the throne in 1814, patriotic military campaigns subsisted in Venezuela and the Río de la Plata.
VII ordered to organize the so-called «Peacekeeping expedition» which, under the command of Marshal Pablo Morillo, sailed from Cádiz in 1815. -
Morillo soon resumed control of Venezuela and New Granada. But, in 1817,
Bolívar, Piar, Páez, and other Venezuelan leaders reactivated the war. Bolivar
faced and defeated Morillo in Calabozo, in 1818. However, later, Morillo
counterattacked and defeated Bolivar in the valley of Aragua. -
San Martin was not discouraged and decided to continue with his plans, only now he first had to liberate Chile.For that he spent years
making weapons, bullets and all
kinds of equipment, and organizing
the Army of the Andes and it triumphed in the decisive battle
of Maipú (5-04-1818), assuring the independence of Chile. -
Which ends the "War to Death" period. A
few months later, the royalist army was defeated in the battle of Carabobo, the
final victory of Venezuela's independence (June 25, 1821). -
Of this one separated in 1904, by the direct action of EE. UU, to control the Panama Canal promoted the formation of a separate republic.
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San Martin declared independence (28-07-1821) and was appointed Protector of Peru with full civil and military authority.
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Guatemala with its provinces declared its independence from the Spanish Crown and, shortly after, annexed Mexico to defend itself better from Spain.
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San Martin gave Bolivar the iniciative of the war completely. He returned to Lima, resigned from the government of Peru , and returned to his home in Mendoza, Argentina .
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Guayaquil was proclaimed (9-10-1820), the
arrival of the patriot army commanded by
Antonio José de Sucre, and its triumph in
Pichincha (24-05-1822), which culminated
the independence of the Great Colombia. -
In September of that year, he arrived in Lima and met with
Sucre and the Peruvian leaders to plan the attack. Bolivar and Sucre defeated the Spanish army at the Battle of Junín. -
Sucre was forced to give battle and destroyed
the last bastion of the Spanish army at the battle of Ayacucho. -
After the defeat of this, the island of Puerto Rico happens to be
administered by EE. UU and is currently an associated free state of that
country. Consequently, it is not an independent country. -
José Martí organizes the
Cuban Revolutionary
Party and looks for the old
leaders of the revolution,
unifies the different
currents, builds a small
army, and disembarks in
Cuba. Martí dies in one of
the combat actions
(1895)
