History Module 1-4

Iroquois

Jan 1, 1500

Characteristics:
- Semi- sedentary (had to move every 10-15 years due to the deterioration of houses and the soil)
- Highly dependant on agriculture
- used stone axes, bows and arrows, canoes, and snow shoes
- lived in longhouses
- used animal skins for clothes
- multiple tribes
- Matriarchy society

Algonquin

Jan 1, 1500

• Multiple tribes
• Depend on hunting for survival
• live in wigwams
• nomads

Module 1-4

Period: Oct 30, 1500 to Oct 30, 1864

Jacques Cartier's 1st voyage

Jan 1, 1534

1534: he explored and mapped the Gulf of St-Lawrence, he thought that he found gold but all he found was fish, furs and timber.

Jacques Cartier's 2nd voyage

Jan 1, 1535

1535: He sailed up the St-Lawrence and he reached Stadaconna (which is now called Quebec). The natives that lived there showed the Europeans how to survive winter adn scurvy. In return, the Europeans help them capture the oppsing natives' leaders and soldiers.

Jacques Cartier's 3rd voyage

Jan 1, 1541

1541: They Europeans failed at setting up a colony while the missionaries tried to convert the natives.

Port Royal

Oct 28, 1605

• the king sends a voyage to establish a settlement called Port Royal
• Samuel de Champlain was a part of Port Royal
• Port Royal failed because of its position

Champlain returns to the New World

Aug 29, 1608

He comes to establish a trading post near Stadacona (Quebec City) so they can trade furs with the natives

Beginning of the Royal Governement

Jan 1, 1663

Governor: highest rank, king’s representative in New france, commander of army; defense; dealt with external affairs Intendant: the liaison for the people, chief administrator, controlled budget, collecting taxes, justice, seigniorial systems, built roads, set up industry. Bishop-: God’s representative in New france, reports to the pope and God, appointed by the pope; im charge of hospitals, schools and charities

Jean Talon

Oct 27, 1663

The king wanted to populate New France so he put the intendant Jean Talon in charge. He:
1. offered land to soldiers who served in the army
2. brought orphan girls from france called the Filles du Roi to be married
3. gave payments to couples who married young
4. taxed fathers of girl who weren't married and bachelors over 21

Religion in New France

Oct 30, 1663

Aroudn the 1660s, the Clergy was everywhere.
- the priest were in charge of parishes
- the priest also worked as missionaries
- the nuns worked in hospitals and schools

Treaty of Ryswich

Oct 1, 1697

The First Intercolonial War ends with the Treaty of Ryswick

Treaty of Utrecht

Oct 1, 1713

The Second Intercolonial War ends with the Treaty of Utrecht

Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

Oct 1, 1748

The Third Intercolonial War ends with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

The Seven Year War

Period: Oct 1, 1756 to Oct 1, 1763

• there was fighting going in both Europe and North America -The British try for many years to take New France by land. - sine they were unsuccessful, a sea attack was planned.
• The English first take Louisbourg, which is a powerful fort -They sail down river to attack Quebec
• ends with the treaty of Paris in 1763

The Battle of the Plains of Abraham

Oct 29, 1759

• Wolfe and Moncalm (English an French generals) die during the battle
• the English win
• French troops return to Montreal Capitulation (1760)
• French Malitia return home
• French army leave their arm and return to france
• Roman Catholique religion was allowed but he Bishop had t leave
• the people who stayed remained british subjects

Royal Proclamation

Oct 29, 1763

1- It becomes The Province of Quebec
2- the borders are now just around the St-Lawrence river valley
3- it put in place a civilian Government
4- English Criminal and Civil laws were tob used
5- Land tht wasnt used would be divided by the Township System
6-No new Bishop
7-No Roman Catholiques could run in public office

Quebec Act

Oct 29, 1774

-based of of the ideas of James Murray
- Created by Guy Carleton
includes:
- a new Bishop is allowed
- French laws are allowed in lower courts
- there woul be no elected assembly
- there would be an appointed council
- french civil laws were used
- tithe and seignorial system were used
- Test Oath act was replaced with Test Oath Act of Allegiance

American Revolution

Oct 12, 1776

• before the revolution the Americans asked Quebec to join them and they said no so the Americans attacked th Province of Quebec several times
• After the defeat of Yorkshire in 1783, Britain accepted United States of American as an independant country
• The furtrade had relocated from th Great Lakes towards the Northwest
• 36000 loyalists came to Canada an 6000 came to Quebec (english population went from 1% to 10%)

Constitutional Act

Oct 9, 1791

Lower Canada: Mostly french; french religion, civil laws and ple coul work in the admin
Upper Canada: Mostly english; protestants; township system; english civil laws USED THE REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT:
(in order of importance)
King
Governor
Lieutenant Governor
Excecutive Council
Legislative Council
the People
Legislative Assembly (the only one that is voted) The Faults in our Government
- The governor and his council had veto power
- the twos ides wanted different things

The War of 1812

Oct 19, 1812

• Britain was at war with Napoleon
• The Americans did badly organised attacks on Canadian settlements which failed
• French Militia and British troops attacked American towns
• the fighting ended in stalemate
• the Canadian economy boosted becuase the british needed trade for war

The Rebellions

Period: Oct 29, 1834 to Oct 29, 1839

• The Patriotes sent a document to the British Government called the 92 Resolutions which mainly demanded a responsible government
• Lord John Russell responded with The Ten Resolutions which didn't respond to any of their demands
• the rebelliosn began and many of them were put down
• it resulted in 12 patriotes beig hung and 58 being exiled to Australia

The Union Act

Oct 29, 1840

1. Creates the Province of Quebec (the two Canadas unite)
2. Canada East and West both have 42 members in the assembly
3. Governor still has veto power
4. Both parts of Canada will equally pay fo Canadas debt

• Lord Durham thought that it would be easier to assimilate the french if both Canadas united

Governor Lord Elgin

Oct 29, 1848

First not to use his veto power and to grant his prime minister excecutive powers

The Reciprocity Treaty

Period: Oct 29, 1854 to Oct 29, 1864

• signed with the United States after Britain ended its preferential treaty with Canada an established Free Trade
• it meant customs/ duties between the two countries temporarly ceased
• it was not resigned in 1864

The situation in the 1860s

Oct 29, 1860

• all British Colonies had developped Responsible Governement
• Canada's economy was in a bad state because the reciprocity treated was not resigned and the demand for timber was replaced by iron
• the colony had a huge debt
• good farming land was becoming scarce