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Period: to
Industrial Revolution
GB: As industry expanded, traditional agriculture became less important.
Population growth
Agricultural improvements
Increased trade
Technological progress
Financial support from agriculture and trade
Favourable political and social structure -
Steam locomotive
-
First commercial steamship
-
Luddites destroyed machines in factories
-
Napoleon defeated
-
Period: to
Restoration, liberalism and nationalism
-
Period: to
Political developments
-1815: Napoleon defeated (Ancien Régime and absolute monarchy restored in Europe)
-19th century is the regular revolts and revolutions to re-establish the advances of the French Revolution
-USA expanding its frontiers to the West. The Spanish colonies in Central and South America won their independence
-Art: Romanticism: emotion, individual freedom and national pride. -
Period: to
Restoration in Europe
- Congress of Vienna: Restoration of absolute monarchy Changes to Europe’s borders, after the Napoleonic wars To support Europe’s restored monarchs in the event of a revolution: >The Holly Alliance >The Quadruple Alliance -Reign of Fernando VII >Restoration of absolutism >Liberal period Victory of absolutism
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Portugal, Spain and Greece Revolution
1 Portugal and Spain: Liberal revolutions => Constitutional monarchies
2 Greece made independent itself from Ottoman Empire (Nationalist revolution) -
First public railway
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Trade Unions
Demanding improved working conditions and better wages, joining types of work. -
France and Belgium Revolution
1 France: Liberal revolution => constitutional monarchy
2 Belgium made independent itself from the Netherlands (both united by the Congress of Vienna). (Nationalist revolution). -
Chartist movement
Demanded political changes: universal manhood suffrage, and Parliament to pass laws to improve workers' conditions. -
Austrian Empire, German Confederation, Italy and France Revolution
1 Austrian Empire: Failed
2 German Confederation: Failed
3 Italy: Failed
4 France: Proclamation of the Second Republic, with universal manhood suffrage. -
Period: to
Birth of the Modern World
-Rivalries between Germany and France, among other countries
-Spain, a second-class power (lost colonies in 1898: Cuba, Filipinas, Puerto Rico)
-Industrialised countries producing goods in enormous quantities, and colonizing regions searching raw materials
-A consumer society, origin of social inequalities. Working class suffering the effects of economic crises -
PSOE (Partido Socialista Obrero Español)
Socialist Party. -
FTRE (Federación de Trabajadores de la Región Española)
-
Alfonso XII died
Mª Cristina (his wife) was regent for their son Alfonso XIII:
-Colonial wars: Spanish-American War 1898, losing Spain Cuba, Puerto Rico and Filipinas: Second class status in international politics. -
UGT (Unión General de Trabajadores)
Socialist. -
Spanish-American War
- Colonial wars: Spanish-American War 1898, losing Spain Cuba, Puerto Rico and Filipinas: Second class status in international politics.
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CNT (Confederación Nacional de Trabajadores)
Anarchist.
