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Acadians are Exiled From Their Homes
Acadians and the British
When Acadians were found defending a French fort the British branded all Acadians as disloyal and rounded them up and deported them from Canada
Nova Scotia
The British went to Acadian villages and rounded them up at gunpoint burning their houses and destroying their farms. The Acadians were forced to board ships bound for different destinations in Europe.
This event is important to Canadian identity because it shows how dominant the British were in Canada back then -
The Conquest (Battle on the Plains of Abraham)
General James Wolfe, Marquis DE Montcalm
A battle between the French and the British which resulted in Quebec being surrendered to the British and 1300 deaths
Quebec
The British surprised the French by appearing outside city gates where their defenses were weak by climbing up a cliff and onto the plains of Abraham at night and attacking in the morning
This event is important to Canadian identity because without this victory the British may of lost the fight for Canada to the French -
The Royal Proclamation Determines that First Nations are Sovereign
King George lll, Aboriginals
A proclamation that gave Aboriginals exclusive hunting grounds in the west. The proclamation also stated that no one could buy their land expect for the king and his heirs.
Upper Canada
The British government wanted to stabilize the western front by offering the First Nations a degree of land security
This event is important to Canadian identity because the proclamation recognizes and acknowledges Aboriginal land rights -
Lord Durham’s Report Encourages the Assimilation of the Francophone Colonists
Who: Lord Durham
Lord Durham was sent to investigate the causes of twin rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada when he reported back he described the problems racially saying that he saw “two nations warring in the bosom of a single state”. Durham said the Francophones were without literature and history. This lead to Anglophones trying to assimilate the Francophones
Upper and Lower Canada
This event is important to Canadian identity because it helped to develop Canadian democracy -
Confederation
Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick
The four Westernmost colonies signed into confederation
Eastern Canada
The land, and resources were purchased to allow further economic development in the East
The provinces of Ontario and Quebec exercised their new found power to take control of smaller provinces
This event is important to Canadian identity because this was the creation of Canada and start of the creation of Canada as we know it today -
The Indian Act is First Created
First Nations People
The act was created to assimilate this population of people into non-First Nation society
Canada
The government wanted to abolish the First Nation culture and assimilate them into the Canadian society
This event is important to Canadian identity because over time, Canada was forced to look at the Indian Act. Many attempts to reform the Act have been made, but there is been a lot of opposition -
Riel Rebellion
Metis, the Canadian government, Louis Riel, First Nations
The Metis wrote up their concerns and sent them to the government when the government didn’t listen to the Metis the Metis rebled by starting a war with the Canadian government
Manitoba
The government wasn't meeting their demands for more food rations and for their land problems to be solved
This event is important to Canadian identity because it shows how unfairly Canada treated the Metis & the First Nations -
Chinese Head Tax Discriminates Against Chinese Immigration
Chinese immigrants, Sir. John A. MacDonald
The government placed a 10 $ head tax on Chinese immigrants coming into Canada
Canada
The government said the head tax was to help pay for a health inspector to exam Chinese immigrants for diseases and to monitor and control the lives of Chinese in Canada but it was really introduced to be a financial hardship
This event is important to Canadian identity because it would of made Chinese immigrants feel not welcomed in Canada -
Manitoba Schools Question Becomes an Issue in the Federal Election
Wilfred Laurier
Legislature was passed to forbid schools to teach French.
Manitoba
Francophones were among the minority in Manitoba. The political parties were dominated by English-speaking Protestants
This event is important to Canadian identity because the Francophone people fought to have French speaking schools and school divisions -
Chinese Immigration Act
Sir John A. Macdonald, Chinese immigrants,
An act that required Chinese immigrants to pay a head tax of 50 $ in order to come to Canada
Canada
To limit the number of Chinese in Canada
This event is important to Canadian identity because it shows that in the past we had racist policies. -
The Referendum is Held to Decide if Newfoundland Should Join Canada
Joseph Smallwood, and Newfoundland
A referendum was held in Newfoundland to decide if Newfoundland should join Canada or not
Newfoundland
Britain wanted Newfoundland to take over it's affairs. This started a debate over joining Canada
This event is important to Canadian identity because without Newfoundland Canada wouldn’t be the same as it is today -
Quiet Revolution
The Liberal Party
After the death of Duplessis, the Liberal Party was voted in. They promoted change in Quebec. The party wanted equal rights for the French language and to be recognized as an unique culture
Quebec
When the demands were not met, the revolution turned violet.
This event is important to Canadian identity because strategies were put in place to improve federal-provincial relations -
The White Paper on Aboriginal Rights
Pierre Trudeau and Jean Chretien
Trudeau and Chretien tried to get rid of all legal documents that pertains to the Indigenous people and assimilate them into Canada
Canada
Trudeau & Chretien thought that the treaties and policies involving Indigenous people excluded them & discriminated against Canadian laws.They only applied to a small population
This event is important to Canadian identity because abdicating the responsibilities of Aboriginal peoples is a goal of the federal government -
FLQ Crisis
The FLQ, Pierre Trudeau, Pierre Laporte, James Cross
A terrorist group called The FLQ bombed symbols of the English. Then in October they kidnapped James Cross and Pierre Laporte they killed Laporte. Trudeau then introduced the War Measures act to combat the FLQ
Quebec
The FLQ wanted self-determination for Quebec and decided to use terrorist actions to get the government's attention
This event is important to Canadian identity because it shows how unhappy and desperate some people in Quebec were -
Canada Adopts Official Multiculturalism
Pierre Trudeau
Multiculturalism was announced as a official government policy
Canada
To preserve the cultural freedom of individuals and to recognize how diverse ethnic groups culturally contribute to Canadian society
This event is important to Canadian identity because it makes the immigrants from other countries feel more welcomed and accepted in Canada -
The Calder Case
Frank Calder
Frank Calder went to court to fight for the rights of Aboriginal people to own their own land
British Columbia
The case fought for the rights of Aboriginal people and gave them the right to claim land.
This event is important to Canadian identity because the Supreme Court recognized the rights of Aboriginal people and gave them a legal right to own land. -
Election of the Parti Quebecois
Claude Morin
The Parti Quebecois won 71 seats in the election, which was 41.4% of the votes. They beat out the Liberals in the election
Quebec
During the term, Parti Quebecois passed many pieces of legislature during its first term including Bill 101
This event is important to Canadian identity because Parti Quebecois passed Bill 101 which states that French is the sole official language in Quebec. -
Bill 101 is Passed into Law in Quebec
Camille Laurin
French became the official language in Quebec. This meant that French was spoken in government, the courts, the workplace, educational institutions and businesses
Quebec
To protect Francophones in Quebec
This event is important to Canadian identity because Quebec’s official language was French -
The NEP is Implemented
Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau
Served to escalate the West vs East battle over energy resource revenues
Canada
Sought to guarantee the supply and price of Canadian natural gas and oil to increase Canadian ownership and control of petroleum industry and to gain a greater share of energy revenues
This event is important to Canadian identity because the west is mad that the east is stealing their resources and is making money off of them -
The First Quebec Referendum
Quebec
A referendum was held to decide whether or not to negotiate a new constitutional agreement with Canada
Quebec
To decide if Quebec should renegotiate the constitution with the rest of Canada
This event is important to Canadian identity because without Quebec Canada would lose a huge part of their culture -
Quebec Refuses to Sign the Constitution
Quebec Premier Rene Levesque
Quebec refused to sign the Canadian constitution
Canada
In the constitution, Quebec would lose their veto over constitutional change and it would force Quebec to also project English rights in Quebec
This event is important to Canadian identity because it shows that Canada is made up of many different people -
Meech Lake Accord
Brian Mulroney
Brian Mulroney attempted to revise the Canadian Constitution. He wanted to give the provinces more power and declare Quebec a distinct society
Meech lake Quebec
Brian Mulroney wanted to win Quebec’s approval by revising the Canadian Constitution
This event is important to Canadian identity because the Bloc Quebecois was formed to look after the interests of Quebec -
The Oka Crisis
Mohawk and other Aboriginal peoples, Surete du Quebec, RCMP, Canadian Armed Forces
The Mohawks put up a barricade after the mayor of Oka announced that the golf course would expand to 18 holes and they would also build some condominiums. This land had been claimed by the Mohawks.
The Pines at Oka
This event is important to Canadian identity because it forced the government to look at the problems and issues related to Aboriginal affairs -
Supreme Court Determines That Turbans can be Worn with the RCMP uniform
Baltej Dhillon and the RCMP
The Supreme Court changed the RCMP uniform to accommodate for religious needs
Surrey B.C
The Charter of Rights and Freedoms grants Canadians freedom of religion and freedom from discrimination based on religion
When Baltej was denied entrance into the RCMP because of his beard and turban he went to the Supreme Court to have the uniform changed
This event is important to Canadian identity because it makes immigrants feel welcomed and accepted. -
Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
Brian Dickson, Aboriginals
The Royal Commission was to study the relationship between Aboriginal people, the government & Canadian society after the Oka Crisis
Canada
A research plan was developed to look into the areas of governance, land & economy, social & cultural issues & the North
This event is important to Canadian identity because it examined the relationships Aboriginal people had with Canada. It provided an Aboriginal perspective in history & what role they should play in society -
Formation of the Bloc Quebecois
The Bloc Quebecois, Gilles Duceppe
A federal party that runs candidates in 75 Quebec ridings. Composed of Quebec MPs who left the Conservative and Liberal parties after the Meech Lake Accords failed. They promote Quebec interests and sovereignty
Quebec
To promote Quebec interests and sovereignty
This event is important to Canadian identity because it shows that Canada is made up of many different people and they have a voice -
Charlottetown Accord
Brian Mulroney, and all 10 premiers
The accord was an attempt by Brian Mulroney and all 10 premiers to amend the Canadian Constitution to obtain Quebec’s consent to the Constitution Act of 1982
Charlottetown
This event is important to Canadian identity because it set out values that attempted to define the nature of Canadian character -
The Second Quebec Referendum
Premier of Quebec Jacques Parizeau
Quebec held a vote to pass a referendum stating that Quebec will separate from Canada. The results of the vote was that Quebec would stay a part of Canada
Quebec
Quebec is a different culture from the rest of Canada. They wanted their culture to be recognized as unique
This event is important to Canadian identity because Canada rallied together to convince Quebec to stay. Quebec is now recognized as a “distinct society within Canada” -
Recognition of Quebecois Nation
The House of Commons ministers, Stephen Harper
Harper made a motion that would recognize Quebecois as a nation inside Canada
The House of Commons
Harper was trying to bring national unity to Canada
This event is important to Canadian identity because it brought national unity among Canadians and Quebec -
The Publication of the TRC 94 Calls to Action
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, and Residential School survivors
The TRC published a list of recommendations on how to reconcile with the First Nations for the Residential Schools
Canada
The TRC published the 94 Calls to Action to help reconcile between First Nations and Canadians
The TRC interviewed 6,000 people to make the 94 Calls to Action
This event is important to Canadian identity because it helps to heal the relationship between Canadians and First Nations
