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Liz I established the Church of England and becomes Head of the Church. The Oath of Supremcy is reinstated. -
One of the most historically significant translations of the Bible into English, preceding the King James Version by 51 years.[1] It was the primary Bible of 16th century English Protestantism and was used by William Shakespeare,[2] Oliver Cromwell, Scotsman John Knox, John Donne, and others. It was one of the Bibles taken to America on the Mayflower (Pilgrim Hall Museum has collected several Bibles of Mayflower passengers). -
The Scottish Reformation Parliament adopts a Protestant confession of faith and rejects papal authority, beginning the Scottish Reformation, and disestablishing Roman Catholicism in Scotland.
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Approved by the CoE : definition of doctrinal stance. Also called the Book of Common Prayer -
Roman Catholic plot in 1571 to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. The plot was hatched and planned by Roberto Ridolfi, an international banker who was able to travel between Brussels, Rome and Madrid to gather support without attracting too much suspicion.
Thomas Howard was excuted in 1572 for treason. -
Basis of the Lutherian doctrine with 10 approved texts.
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Passed by the English Parliament; imposes heavy fines for practising Roman Catholicism
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A plan in 1586 to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I, a Protestant, and put Mary, Queen of Scots, her Catholic cousin, on the English throne. It led to Mary's execution, a result of a letter sent by Mary (who had been imprisoned for 19 years since 1568 in England at the behest of Elizabeth) in which she consented to the assassination of Elizabeth. -
Beheaded for treason for her part in the Babington Plot thus trying to assassinate Queen Liz I -
Passed by the English Parliament allowing convicts to be transported to colonies. Part of the Elizabethan Poor Laws. There were multiple Vagabonds Acts throughout history. -
Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex (1565–1601), was the main leader of Essex's Rebellion in 1601. The main tensions that led to the rebellion began in 1599, when Essex was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. He was sent to Ireland with the mission of subduing the revolts led by Tyrone, leading one of the largest expeditionary forces ever sent to the country.
Beheaded later. -
Main Plot : alleged conspiracy of July 1603 by English courtiers to remove King James I from the English throne and to replace him with his cousin Lady Arbella Stuart. The Bye Plot of 1603 was a conspiracy, by Roman Catholic priests and Puritans aiming at tolerance for their respective denominations, to kidnap the new English King, James I of England. It is referred to as the "bye" plot, because at the time it was presented as a minor component of a larger plot (the so-called "main" plot). -
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officially "An Act for the due execution of the Statutes against Jesuits, seminary Priests and recusants") is given royal assent by King James I of England to create penalties against Jesuits and Catholics who send their children abroad to Catholic colleges.
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Discussion between King James I of England and representatives of the Church of England, including leading English Puritans. The conference resulted in the 1604 Book of Common Prayer and, in 1611, the King James Version of the Bible. -
A proclamation declares all people of Ireland to be the direct subjects of the British Crown and not of any local lord or chief.
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A failed assassination attempt against King James I by a group of English Catholics led by Robert Catesby who sought to restore the Catholic monarchy to England after decades of persecution against Catholics.
-> Guy Fawkes -
By Act of Parliament in England, all Roman Catholics in England become required to swear and oath of allegiance to King James I, a Protestant raised in the Presbyterian Church in Scotland.
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Hugh O'Neill, 2nd Earl of Tyrone, and Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, and about ninety followers, left Ulster in Ireland for mainland Europe. Their permanent exile was a watershed event in Irish history, symbolizing the end of the old Gaelic order. -
A popular uprising which occurred in the Midlands of England in 1607. The riots were a protest against the enclosure of common land[1] and drew considerable support, led by "Captain Pouch", otherwise John Reynolds, a tinker said to be from Desborough, Northamptonshire. He claimed authority from the King and Lord of Heaven to destroy enclosures and promised to protect protesters with the contents of his pouch, carried by his side, which would keep them from harm. Most notable : Newton Rebellion -
Jamestown, Virginia, is established as the first permanent English settlement in North America, beginning the American frontier. -
The Scrooby Congregation of Protestant English Separatists from Scrooby, on, the outskirts of Bawtry in South Yorkshire, successfully flees to the Dutch Republic from the Humber, origin of the Pilgrim Fathers who in 1620 move on to North America.
The first cheques are used in the Dutch Republic. -
A plan submitted to James I and Parliament in 1610 by Robert Cecil. It was an attempt to increase Crown income and ultimately rid it of debt.
After the Parliament of England gives King James only £ 100,000 of an agreed to £ 600,000 of debt relief promised in February under the Great Contract, the King demands the rest of the funds. Parliament is outraged and declares the Contract abandoned on November 9 -
A landmark decision : it is decided by Edward Coke, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas of England. Coke affirms the supremacy of the common law, which limits the power of Parliament as well as the king. -
Published for the first time, printed by John Norton and Robert Barker in London. Commissioned in 1604 by sponsorship of James I.
James gave the translators instructions intended to ensure that the new version would conform to the ecclesiology, and reflect the episcopal structure, of the Church of England and its belief in an ordained clergy. -
Among the most famous witch trials in English history, and some of the best recorded of the 17th century. The twelve accused lived in the area surrounding Pendle Hill in Lancashire, and were charged with the murders of ten people by the use of witchcraft. -
Radical Anadaptist, last person executed for heresy in England. Burned at the stake. -
John Ogilvie, a Jesuit priest, is hanged and drawn at Glasgow Cross in Scotland for refusing to pledge allegiance to King James VI of Scotland; he will be canonised in 1976, becoming the only post-Reformation Scottish saint. -
English adventurer, writer and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh is beheaded at the Palace of Westminster, for allegedly conspiring treasonably against James I of England in 1603, following pressure from the Spanish government, over his attack on their settlement on the Orinoco, on his last (1617–18) voyage. -
Anne of Denmark, queen consort of England, is buried at Westminster Abbey. -
Puritan migration to New England (1620–1640): Around 350 English Puritans on six ships, led by Francis Higginson in the Lyon's Whelp, sail from Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, heading to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in America. They arrive on June 19
The ship Arbella and three others set sail from the Solent in England, with 400 passengers under the leadership of John Winthrop
1630 GovJohn Winthrop passes a resolution declaring "that Trimontaine" on Shawmut peninsula shall be called Boston from now on -
Mayflower departs from Plymouth in England on her third attempt to cross the Atlantic.[9] The Pilgrims on board comprise 41 "saints" (English separatists largely from Holland), 40 "strangers" (largely secular planters from London), 23 servants and hired workers, together with c. 30 crew. -
The Spanish match was a proposed marriage between Prince Charles and Infanta Maria Anna of Spain, the daughter of Philip III of Spain. Negotiations took place over the period 1614 to 1623, during this time became closely related to aspects of British foreign and religious policy, before breaking down completely.
Thomas Middleton's 1624 play A Game at Chess allegorized the events surrounding the Spanish Match.
Charles turned James' Spanish policy on its head: called for a French match and a war. -
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King Charles I of England marries Catholic princess Henrietta Maria of France and Navarre, at Canterbury. She was unpopular and was prohibited from having a coronation. -
Publication of Sir Edward Coke's Institutes of the Lawes of England begins with A Commentary upon Littleton. This will remain an influential legal text on both sides of the Atlantic for three centuries. -
Puritains settle Salem
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The Personal Rule (also known as the Eleven Years' Tyranny) was the period in England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1629 to 1640 when King Charles I ruled as an autocratic absolute monarch over the three nations without recourse to Parliament.[1] Charles claimed that he was entitled to do this under the royal prerogative and that he had a divine right.
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Scottish-born Presbyterian (and former physician) Alexander Leighton is brought before Archbishop William Laud's Star Chamber court in London for publishing the seditious pamphlet An Appeale to the Parliament, or, Sions Plea Against the Prelacy, an attack on Anglican bishops. He is sentenced to be pilloried and whipped, have his ears cropped, one side of his nose slit, and his face branded with "SS" (for "sower of sedition"), to be imprisoned, and be degraded from holy orders. -
King Charles I of England and Scotland first refers to the banner of the British Isles as the "Union Flag" in a proclamation that the flag shall not be used on any ships other than those "in our immediate Service and Pay, and none other." The term evolves into the description of the British flag as the "Union Jack".
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The Royal Mail service is made available to the public, by Charles I of England. -
English theologian Henry Burton preaches two sermons on Guy Fawkes Day, heavily critical of the Anglican bishops, and is soon summoned before the Star Chamber. -
An agreement signed by many people of Scotland during 1638, opposing the proposed reforms of the Church of Scotland (also known as The Kirk) by King Charles I. -
1st of the conflicts known as the 1639-1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which took place in Scot., Engl. and Ir. Others include the Irish Confederate Wars, the First and Second English CW, the Anglo-Scottish war (1650–1652), and the Cromwellian conquest of Ir.
The wars originated in disputes over governance of the Church of Scotland or kirk that began in the 1580s, and came to a head when Charles I attempted to impose uniform practices on the kirk and the Church of England in 1637. -
April 13 – The Short Parliament assembles, as King Charles I of England attempts to fund the second of the Bishops' Wars.
SP dissolved on May 5th -
The Treaty of Ripon is signed, restoring peace between the Scottish Covenanters and Charles I of England.
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An attempt to avert the English Civil War. Parliament passed a bill on 3 May 1641 requiring those over the age of 18 to sign the Protestation, an oath of allegiance to King Charles I and the Church of England, as a way to reduce the tensions across the realm. Signing them was a necessity in order to hold public office. Those that were not willing to sign it were also listed under it as refusing to pledge its oath. -
Irish Catholic gentry, chiefly in Ulster, revolt against the English administration and Scottish settlers in Ireland. -
Rioting breaks out in Westminster after the King's refusal is announced, and the 12 Anglican bishops stop attending meetings of the Lords. The term "roundhead" is first used to describe supporters of the English Parliament who have challenged the authority of the monarchy.
The House of Commons passes resolution to have the 12 bishops arrested. King Charles, in turn, issues an order on January 3 to have five members of the House of Commons arrested for treason -
The act required that Parliament meet for at least a fifty-day session once every three years. It was intended to prevent kings from ruling without Parliament, as Charles had done between 1629 and 1640. -
King Charles I of England decrees that all Roman Catholic priests must leave England by April 7 or face being arrested and treated as traitors.
Among those who refuse to leave, Ambrose Barlow and William Ward become martyrs. Barlow surrenders on Easter Sunday, April 25, and is hanged on September 10; he will be canonized as a saint in 1970. Ward is caught on July 15 and executed on July 26. -
Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, former director of England's Council of the North, is publicly beheaded in London in front of a crowd of thousands of people.
From 1632 to 1640 he was Lord Deputy of Ireland, where he established a strong authoritarian rule. Recalled to England, he became a leading advisor to the King, attempting to strengthen the royal position against Parliament.
Charles reluctantly signed the death warrant and Strafford was executed. -
The Long Parliament abolishes the Court of Star Chamber.
It was an English Court that sat at Westminster and was composed of Privy Counsellors and common-law judges, to supplement the judicial activities of the common-law and equity courts in civil and criminal matters. -
Charles I of England flees London for the north.
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A list of grievances presented to King Charles I of England by the English Parliament. It was one of the chief events which was to precipitate the English Civil War.
It listed specific objections to King Charles I's absolutist tendencies, and calling for the King to expel all Anglican bishops from the House of Lords.
ing Charles replies to the Grand Remonstrance and refuses to the demand for the removal of Catholic bishops from the House of Lords, leading to riots. -
July 12th - Parliament vote to raise its own army
Aug 22 - Charles I raises the royal battle over Nottinham Castle and declares war against its own Parliament -
This act prevents any member of the clergy from holding political office.
Prior to the Act, bishops of the Church of England sat in the House of Lords, where they comprised 22 out of a total membership of 60–70 peers. This allowed them to block legislation proposed by the Commons, which was increasingly dominated by Puritans. -
Sent by the English House of Lords and House of Commons to King Charles I, asking the King to consent to parliamentary approval for the members of his privy council, his chief officers, and new seats created for the House of Lords, as well as regulating the education and choice of marital partners of the King's children, and barring Roman Catholics from the Lords. -
Takes place in Donegal, Ireland. English Royalists defeat Irish Confederation soldiers -
The Committee of Safety, established by the Parliamentarians in July 1642, was the first of a number of successive committees set up to oversee the English Civil War against King Charles I, and the Interregnum.
Notable members : Robert Devereux, John Pym -
September 2 – Parliament orders the theatres of London closed, effectively ending the era of English Renaissance theatre.
September 6 – England's Long Parliament suppresses all stage plays in theatres.