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Charles I needed revenue, but Parliament refused to allow tax. Charles decided to rule alone and got revenue from ship money, or a tax on a coastal town for defense. However, taxes were needed when there was a scottish invasion, which parliament again refused. Charles tried to arrest Parliament, which transformed int o civil war between the forces of the king (Cavaliers), and those of Parliament (Roundheads).
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During the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell was against the king. When Parliament refused to take action against Charles, Oliver Cromwell purged the Parliament (Pride's Purge) and executed the king. He named hiumself Lord Protector and imposed military rule.
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William III and Mary II invaded England and took the throne without resistance.
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Louis XIV and the Holy Roman Emporer both had claims for Spain after Charles II died, and they signed a treaty to partition Spain. However, when Charles died, he left a will for spain to go to Philip V, the grandson of Louis XIV. Louis XIV decided to claim Spain through his grandson, which resulted in the War of Spanish Succession.
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This treaty ended the War of Spanish Succession and gave Spain to Philip V which could not join with France.
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