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Jan 1, 1460
Pachacutec built Machu Picchu in the Urubamba Valley.
Workers and specialists from around the country now convened on the remote site, all of them supervised by a bevy of architects and engineers. In order to equip the citadel with the latest, state-of-the-art technology, Inca astronomers worked alongside the engineers and stonemasons to fashion observatories that could accurately mark the summer and winter solstices as well as other astronomical events. -
Failed revolt against Spanish led by Tupac Amaru II
Failed revolt against Spanish led by Tupac Amaru II, who claimed to be descended from last Inca emperor. From 1780 to 1783, Peru and Bolivia were embroiled in a bloody revolution against colonial Spain. Stretching from well north of Cuzco to provinces south of Lake Titicaca, the Great Rebellion was the most serious threat to Spanish power in the region between conquest and independence. -
General Jose de San Martin captures Lima from Spanish and proclaims Peru independent.
General Jose de San Martin captures Lima from Spanish and proclaims Peru independent. San Martín believed that the best way to liberate Peru was to get the Peruvian people to accept independence voluntarily.He maintained a steady correspondence with Viceroys Joaquín de la Pezuela and José de la Serna in which he urged them to accept the inevitability of independence and surrender willingly in order to avoid bloodshed.San Martín's army was closing in on Lima. -
Peruvian-Spanish war.
The Chincha Islands War, also known as the Spanish-Peruvian War of 1864-1866, tactically was a contest for control of the Chincha or Guano Islands off the coast of Peru. Strategically, it involved an attempt by Spain to reassert itself into Latin America after the various wars of independence by its former colonies in the New World. The conflict was triggered by attacks upon Spanish Basque immigrants working on Peruvian plantations. -
Chile Overpowers
Peru and Bolivia are defeated by Chile during the Pacific War in which Peru loses territory in the south to Chile. -
American Revolutionary Popular Alliance (APRA)
Victor Raul Haya de la Torre sets up nationalist American Revolutionary Popular Alliance (APRA) in exile in Mexico. Largely synonymous with the so-called Aprista movement, it was dedicated to Latin American unity, the nationalization of foreign-owned enterprises, and an end to the exploitation of Indians. Supported by workers and middle-class liberals, the party wielded significant power, but conservative forces took extraordinary measures to prevent Haya de la Torre from ever gaining the power -
Peru-Ecuador War
Brief border war with Ecuador. Under the 1942 Rio Protocol Ecuador cedes some disputed territory to Peru. -
Military government led by General Manuel Odria installed following coup.
Military government led by General Manuel Odria installed following coup. A coup d'état is a sudden and decisive action in politics, especially one resulting in a change of government illegally or by force. It helped him get re-elected as president. -
Peru fights border war with Ecuador over Cordillera del Condor
Peru fights border war with Ecuador over Cordillera del Condor, which a 1942 protocol had given to Peru. A brief military clash took place in early 1981, when the Peruvian Army forcefully took control of three Ecuadorian military outposts on the eastern slopes of the Cordillera del Cóndor mountain range. An agreement in 1992 between the presidents of the two countries promised to seek peaceful resolution to the conflict. -
New Libertad movement
New Libertad movement led by writer Mario Vargas Llosa blocks plans to nationalise banks as Peru faces bankruptcy. it was a political party in Peru founded in 1987 by groups opposing the nationalization of the banking sector in 1986. Instead it advocated a free market approach to solving Peru's hyperinflation, which peaked at over 7000%.
