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Period: 1491 to 1547
Reign of Henry VIII
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1517
Martin Luther writing the "Ninety-Five Theses"
This writing marks the beginning of the European Reformation. -
1526
The Tyndale Bible
The New Testatment translated into English by William Tyndale -
1534
Act of Supremacy
The King, Henry the VIII's, was made "Supreme head of the Church of England", which lead to the separation of the Church of England and The Roman Catholic Church. -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Reign of Edward VI
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1549
The Book of Common Prayers
The Book of Common Prayers was published as the revision of the mass book. -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Reign of Mary I
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Period: 1558 to
Reign of Elizabeth I
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1559
Act of Supremacy
Organisation of the Church:
- Abolished the authority of the Pope
- Restored the authority of the Queen over the Church, she became the « Supreme Governor of the Church of England ». -
1559
Coronation of Elizabeth I
Coronation of Elizabeth I at the Westminster Abbey. -
1567
James the King of Scotland
James was proclamed King of Scotland in 1567. He then became James VI of Scotland -
1570
Excommunication of Elizabeth I
Pope Pius V excommunicated the Queen Elizabeth I in his papal bull, entitled « Regans in Exclessis ». He called Elizabeth I « the so-called Queen » « a heretic favouring heretics ». In it, he also almost gave the licence to English Catholics to kill the Queen, with the certainty that it wouldn’t be seen as a crime by Rome. -
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots
Mary Queen of Scots was related to Elizabeth I and was a threat to her reign, because she was the légitime successor of the throne. She was first emprisonnés for 19 years, and than executed, convicted for complicity. Furthermore, she wore a red dress during her execution, the color of Catholic martyrs. -
The deafeat of the Spanish Armada
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Death of Elizabeth I
She died at the age of 69.
Her heir is the son of her cousin Mary Queen of Scots, James VI of Scotland. He then became James I of England. -
James I of England
James VI of Scotland was proclamed King of England in 1603, after Elizabeth I death. He became James I King of England. A new heir was also proclamed. We go from a Tudor heir to a Stuart heir. -
Period: to
Reign of James I
New heir, from a Tudor to a Stuart reing.
He's the son of Mary of Scots. He was first proclamed King James VI of Scotland in 1567, and later King James I of England in 1603. -
Establishment of Jamestown in Virignia
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Period: to
The Starving Time
Period of stravation in which only 60 of the 500 colonists survived. -
The King James' Bible
New English translation of the Bible made under the reign of James I of England -
Tobacco
Discovery of the Tobacco in Jamestown.
They strated to export it in England, and allowed the city to gain money and to end starvation -
Period: to
The Thirty Years War
Defeat of the Lord Buckingham -
Period: to
Reign of Charles I
Believed in the divine right of Kings. He was married to the French princess Henrietta Maria, who was an absolutist and a Catholic. And he favoured Arminians, who are a minority wing of Anglicans. -
Petition of Rights
Petition made by the Members of the Parliament, in which they pointed out things that Charles I did wrong. They also wrote that they wanted the King to recognize the illegality of extra-parliamentary taxation... -
Three Resolutions
Whoever tried to bring in "Popery or Armianism" or to alter the Protestant forms of the Church of England, was an enemy to the Kingkom. Moreover, the King was allowed to collect duties without the Parliament's consent. It was concidered as an act of defiance for Charles I. -
Period: to
The Personal Rule
For 11 years, the King governed alone, without calling the Parliament. It was also called "The Eleven Years of Tyranny". -
Period: to
The Scottish Crisis
After the introduction of the New Prayer Book, Scotland was afflamed. Indeed, religious changes were unacceptable. It led to a general rebellion, The Bishops War. -
The Irish Rebellion
James I implemented a plantation policy which was to send English and Scottish Protestant to colonize Ireland and to take the lands of Irish Catholics. But the Irish Catholics rebels were a lot against those Protestants settlers and fighted them. At the end, there was a massacre of 3 000 or 4 000 protestants. -
The Grand Remonstrance
Document which summarized all the wrong things Charles I has done and conccluded on "revolutionary" demands such as the right of the House of Commons to choose the King's ministers, the right for the Parliament to control any army snt to Ireland and to refrom the Church.
This document was voted by the Parliament.
Led to the division of the Parliament into 2 groups: the Parliamentarians and the Royalists. -
Period: to
The Civil War
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War on Parliament
The King Charles I formally declared war on Parliament -
Period: to
The First Civil war
The First Civil War was a victory of Parliament.
Dured 4 years.
More than 190 000 Englishmen died in combat and from diseases.
The Battle of Naseby in June 1645 was a turning point and in May 1945 the King and the Royalists were surrounded. -
The King escaped
The King escaped from the army custody and allied himself with the Scots. This event led to the Second Civil War. -
Period: to
The Second Civil War
Due to the event of November 1647, the Second Civil War started.
Is made of a series of revolts in the South of England, Wales and Scotland. Royalists were defeated by Cromwell. -
England becomes a Republic
The Monarchy and the House of Lords was abolished, England was declared a Commonwealth, which mens a Republic. -
Period: to
The Commonwealth
Ruled as a Republic -
Period: to
The Interregnum
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The King Charles I was executed
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The Instrument of Government
"The Instrument of Government" is the first and only wirtten constitution of England. -
Dissolution of the Rump
Dissolution of the Rump Parliament (le Parlement Croupion) by Cromwell.
The following Parliament is "The Barebones Parliament" but there are many internal conflicts in it, which led to its dissolvation. -
The end of the Commonwealth
The Commonwealth ended and beginning of the Protectorate. -
Period: to
The Cromwellian Protectorate
It was a military dictatorship, which is similar to a monarchy without a king. Cromwell was appointed Lord Protector -
Death of Cromwell
Cromwell dies and his son Richard became Lord Protector but resigned after 6 months, and led to Anarchy.
7 different governments were tested in less than a year. -
Declaration of Breda
Charles II issued the Declaration of Breda, which promised general amnesty, religious toleration and the share of power with the Parliament. -
Period: to
The Early Restoration
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Period: to
Reign of Charles II
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Restoration of the Monarchy
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Act of Uniformity
All ministers had to swear to conform to the Book of Common Prayer. -
Period: to
The Exclusion crisis
The Parliament tried to debar James II, the brother of Charles II, to the succession to the throne of England.
Charles II dissolved the Parliament. -
Death of Charles II
James II became king. -
Period: to
Reign of James II
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The Glorious Revolution
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Toleration Act
Religious pluralism and freedom of worship for all Protestant. -
Period: to
Reign of Mary II
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Period: to
Reign of William III
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The Bill of Rights
This document listed King Jame's misdeeds, fixed limitations on the sovereign's powers, it set out the rights of Parliament, basic rights and is a key to political texts. -
The Act of Settlement
The most important part of this act is the ensuring of a Protestant succession, ignoring Catholic heirs. -
Period: to
Reign of Anne
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The Act of Union
Union between England and Scotland, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain. -
Period: to
Reign of George I
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Period: to
American War of Independance