-
Portuguese invasion of French Guiana
In 1809, a Portuguese-British naval squadron took French Guiana for the Portuguese Empire. -
Spanish resistance
The Spanish resistance to French occupation had been pushed to teh Southern port of Cadiz -
Period: to
The Spanish American Rebellions Begin
Several factors set the stage for wars of independence. First the Bourbon Reforms of the mid-eighteenth century introduced changes to the relationship of Spanish Americans to the Crown. In an effort to better control the administration and economy of the overseas possessions the Crown reintroduced the practice of appointing outsiders, almost all peninsulars, to the various royal offices throughout the empire. This meant that Spanish Americans lost the gains they had made in holding local offices -
Spanish political upheavals
A Creole conspiracy in Mexico's northern mining region that was exposed by Father Miguel Hidalgo sparked a massive rebellion of indigenous and mestizo peasants. -
End of Peninsular control
Peninsular control had ended once and for all in Buenos Aires. Other regions of the Rio de la Plata viceroyalty showed very little inclination to follow the lead of Buenos Aires -
Battle of Monte de las Cruces
The Battle of Monte de las Cruces was one of the pivotal battles of the early Mexican War of Independence. It was fought between the insurgent troops of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and Ignacio Allende against the royalist troops of General Torcuato Trujillo in the Sierra de las Cruces mountains between Mexico City and Toluca. -
Americanos
Father Jose Morelos although not a Creole, wanted to end slavery; and so he did. He declared outright independence this year. All born in Mexico were simply "Americanos" -
Napolean met ultimate defeat in the Battle of Waterloo
A battle that took place in present day Belgium between the Imperial French with the Seventh Coalition -
Brazilian Party
Rio's native elite had formed a Brazilian Party that had claimed to represent the People of Brazil that were against Portuguese recolonization -
Coronation of Pedro I
Crowning ceremony of Emporer Pedro I of Brazil
nicknamed "the Liberator", was the founder and first ruler of the Empire of Brazil. As King Dom Pedro IV, he reigned briefly over Portugal, where he also became known as "the Liberator" as well as "the Soldier King". Born in Lisbon, Pedro I was the fourth child of King Dom João VI of Portugal and Queen Carlota Joaquina, and thus a member of the House of Braganza. When their country was invaded by French troops in 1807, he and his family fled t -
Brazil achieving its goal
By the end of this year Brazil had finally reached its goal by being independent while maintaining the social hierarchy that kept slave owning elite in charge -
Death of Bolivar
Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios Ponte y Blanco 24 July 1783 – 17 December 1830, played a key role in Hispanic America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire, and is today considered one of the most influential politicians in the history of the Americas.
