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Ivan the Terrible came to power in 1533. He was only 3 years old. Ivan turned against the Boyars in 1560 after accusing them of poisoning his wife.
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The massacre occurred when many Huguenot nobles were in Paris. They were attending the marriage of Catherines daughter to a Huguenot prince. This massacre sparked a six week nationwide slaughter of Huguenots.
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The king of Portugal dies without an heir. Phillip then takes the throne of Portugal. He was the most powerful ruler in Europe, the hardest working.
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Henry inherits the throne after Catherine and her last son died. He was decisive, fearless in battle , and a clever politician.
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The Edict of Nantes was signed in 1598. It said that the Huguenots could live in peace in France and set up their own houses of worship in some cities.
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King James I already king of Scotland takes power of England in 1603. He inherited the unsettled issues of Elizabeths reign. He died in 1625.
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After Henry's death his son Loius XIII became king. He was a weak king untill he appointed Cardinal Richelieu minister in 1624.
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In 1624 Loius appointed Cardinal Richelieu minister. He became the ruler of france.
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After the death of King James I his son Charles I took the throne. When parliament refused to give him funds, he dissolved it. He called them again in 1628.
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Supporters and opponents of King Charles fought from 1642-1649. Those who remained loyal to Charles were called Royalists or cavaliers.
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Louis XIV becomes king in 1643. He became king when he was only a five year old boy.
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In 1644 the puritans found a general who could win Oliver Cromwell. In 1646 Cromwells new model army defeated the cavaliers.
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In 1660 When prince Charles entered London crowds shouted joyfully and bells rang. He restored the monarchy so they call his rule the Restoration.
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When Cardinal Mazarin dies in 1661 the 23 year old Louis took control of the government himself. He assigned intendants to collect taxes and administer justice.
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In 1700 France and Spain join forces. Many countries join together to defeat them.
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When William led his army to London James fled to France. The overthrow of King James II is called the Glorious Revolution.
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Bill of Rights:
1. No suspending of Parliaments laws
2. No levying of taxes without a specific grant from Parliament
3. No interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament
4. No penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about grievances -
Peter the Great took the throne in 1696. His name is from being one of Russia's greatest reformers. He continued the trend of increasing the czar's power.
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In 1712 Frederick takes the throne. He differed greatly from Maria. He was an aggressor in foreign affairs.
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Maria takes power in 1717. She gave birth to 16 children. She decreased the power of the nobility. She was very religious.
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Religions started to feel threatened by Calvinism. The Lutherans joined the Protestant Union in 1608. In 1618 the war begins.