-
After years of religious and political disagreements(and a rejection from the queen of England), King Philip II sent a fleet of ships to defeat England. Unfortunately for King Philip II, they were completely outmatched. -
The signing of the Edict of Nantes was a large step forward in France, let alone Europe. It granted religious tolerance for the huguenots, but was revoked soon after by Louis XIV. -
In May of 1618, Emporer Ferdinand II of the Holy Roman Empire Imposed Roman Catholicism on his people. This lead to the Protestants of Bohemia and Austria revolting, eventually being settled with the Treaty of Wesphalia. -
In 1642, social conflicts over the king's use of power and politics reached its breaking point, causing a civil war. This lead to the public execution of King Charles I, a large part of a turning point in English history. -
In may of 1644, King Louis XIV begins construction of one of the most beautiful wastses of money and resources in the world, the Palace of Versailles. The palace continues to be maintained to this day. -
The Peace of Wesphalia was the combination of the signing of two treaties: Treaty of Münster and the Treaty of Osnabrück. These treaties ended the thirty years war, a war fought between the Roman Catholics and Protestants in Germany.
-
After overthrowing the King Charles I in a revolution and executing him, Cromwell rose to power as the Lord Protector. Ironically, after fighting against the King's rule for years, he practically became the very thing he wanted to overthrow. -
In early 1689, the English Bill of Rights is signed by both William III and Mary II. The English Bill of Rights outlined specific constitutional and civil rights and ultimately gave Parliament power over the monarchy.
-
Near the mouth of the Baltic Sea, General Alexander Menshikov ordered a fort be built on the nearly uninhabitable ground, and Czar Peter arrives soon after. The fort, and the beginning of St. Petersburg, was given the name The Peter and Paul Fortress. -
After using years of peace to strengthen his military, Fredrick II attacked Austria while Maria Therisa was ruler. -
King Louis XVI calling the Estates General was a big deal, as it had not been called in over 150 years. Although he did assemble the Estates-General again, the flaws were quickly identified, consistantly resulting in a 2:1 ratio, rich to poor. -
The National Assembly was a revolutionary group formed to combat the first and second estates. Jean Jaques Rousseau and John Locke were large figureheads in the heart of the National Assembly, and played a large role in the creation of it. -
The Tennis Court Oath was an oath created to show that the third estate was going to assemble whenever and wherever to create a Constitution until it was finished. -
On July 14, 1789, thousands of peasents gathered at the gate of the Bastille and demanded ammo from the guards, assuming that the rich were going to eradicate the poor using said ammo. Of course, this was untrue, but the Bastille as well as the guards were ripped to pieces. -
After the royal family attempted to flee from France, they were arrested. Former King Louis XVI was charged with treason and sentenced to death, like any traitor of France, by the guillotine. -
The Reign of Terror began with Robespierre's ascent to power in France and consisted of over 17,000 deaths, through execution or not. The Reign of Terror was a large portion of the French Revolution, a period of time where large strings of public executions took place, massacring thousands of peasents with little to no trial. -
In July of 1794, Robespierre was executed through use of the guillotine. Because Robespierre feared the guillotine, he attempted suicide with a pistol, but it only dismembered his jaw and alerted those nearby. -
In 1799, Napoleon assumed power in France as an Emporer in a coup d'état. The majority of the public was content with this, as Napoleon had made changes to the economy for the better, and was the first leader in France to really fix a problem. -
On June 24, 1812, Napoleon leads his forces into Russia. While Napoleon was ambitious, many flaws in planning, strategy, and discipline lead to over 70,000 casualties in one day. -
Napoleon and his army lost due to a combination of factors at Waterloo. His army was weak and exhausted, the weather condition was below optimal, and the wits of his opponent.