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Conscription Crisis The Conscription Crisis of the First World War was the compulsory elistment of eligible people into the military. This event strained French-English relations because the French were strongly against doing so, as they believed they had already contributed enough to the war effort.
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Duplessis Era Duplessis, the Premier of Quebec and the leader of the UNP wanted Quebec to be seen as a 'distinct society'. He was strongly Catholic and pushed for it. Strained French-English relations.
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Creation of Union Nationale See Duplessis/Era of Great Darkness
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World War Two Conscription Crisis The World War Two conscription crisis was when the Canadian government, again, required all eligible people to elist in the military. This was because the Nazi's had gained so much control over parts of Europe. This didn't strain French-English relations very much, as by the time they were all trained, the war was almost over.
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1960s Seperatist Movement The Seperatist movement gained traction for the notion of Quebec's seperation.
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The Quiet Revolution The Quiet Revolution was a movement where J. Lesage (the successor to Duplessis) attempted to bring the state of the party to modern times.
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Maitre Chez Nous This was the rallying cry of Lesage, which means meant "masters in our own house". Refers to wanting 'liberation'.
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FLQ The FLQ was formed by Villeneuve, Hudson, and Schoeters.
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Bi-Bi Commision Was when Lester B. Pearson, Canada's Pm during the Quiet Revolution, made the "Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Bilculturalism" in order to find answers. Concluded that Canada should become a bilingual nation. This strenghthened French-English relations,
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Canada's new flag Pearson's government decided to gibe Canada it's first official flag without any British symbolism on it, and so the maple leaf design that we still use today was chosen.
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Colour Blind For the first time, Canada's immigration poliicy started judging applicants not by where they were from (used to be that UK and US applicants were preferenced), but rather using a 'points' system to make it more fair.
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Pierre Trudeau Pierre Trudeau, born in Quebec, became PM of Canada. He improved French-Canadian relations, and while in office the seperatist movement ended as well.
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Official Languages Act The Official Languages Act, after the Bi-Bi Commision's recommendation, officially made Canada a bilingual nation. This helped French-English relations and helped unify the country.
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FLQ Crisis The FLQ kidnapped British diplomat James Cross (and then La Porte) in order to try to get back some of their imprisoned members. Trudeau invocated the War Measures Act, but it was too late, as La Porte was found dead, strangled in a car.
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War Measures Act After the FLQ kidnapped J. Cross ad P. La Porte, Trudeau invoked the WMA, which allowed the government to do things under circumstances of war, invasion, etc. that it would not be able to otherwise, essentially military action.
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Policy of Multiculturalism Trudeau spoke about a policy of multiculturalism, where Canada would be unified and diverse. It let people express their unique cultures no matter where they were from.
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Bill 22 The Premier of Quebec, Bourassa, introducted Bill 22, which made French the offiicial language of Quebec. This was due to fears that the French language would disappear due to things such as declining French birth rates.
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Immigration Most anybody (individuals and businesses) could now vouch for and sponsor an immigrant into Canada. They would be responsible for their set up in Canada.
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Bill 101 Rene Levesque, founder of the Parti Quebecois, put forth the original version and later the actual Bill 101, which was similar to Bill 22 except it also applied to signs such as in government offices, schools, etc.
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Parti Quebecois The Partis Quebecois, a seperatiist group, won the provincial electrion in Quebec, potentially becoming bigger. Bad for French-English relations, as English typically resented the group.
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Bill 101 Bill 101 passed and replaced Bill 22. In Quebec, French was now the only official language. This angered many people and worsened French-English relations.
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1980 Referendum "Oui ou non". This referendum asked Quebecois to vote for a new agreement with Canada about sovereignty-association. Levesque wanted Quebec to be independent. The vote failed, as 60% voted no.
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Patriation of the Constitution This led to political sovereignty by Canada. It moved the country's highest law from the British Parliament to Canada's own federal and provincial governments.
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Constitution Act Part of the patriation of the constitution, it formed the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, among other things. As of right now, the government of Quebec has yet to formally approve of the act.
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Brian Mulroney Martin Brian Mulroney, became Prime Minister of Canada as the leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. He was in office until 1993. He tried to get Quebec along with the new constitution.
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Meech Lake Accord In 1987, the Progressive Conservative Party leader and PM of Canada, Mulroney, continued attempts to get Quebec's consent to the new Canadian constitution. The Meech Lake Accord were a series of proposed amendments. All the premiers agreed to it, finally, in mid 1990.
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Reform Party of Canada The Reform Party was a right-wing populist party, made originally out of contempt for Mulroney's Progressive Conservative party. It was led by its founder, Preston Manning.
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Multiculturalism After Pierre Trudeau in 1971 declared that a multicultural policy would be adopted, in 1988 the Canadian Multiculturalism Act was assented, which aimed to preserve and further multiculturalism in Canada.
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Bloc Quebecois Formed in 1991, the Bloc Quebecois was founded in order to attempt to protect Quebec's interests and to promote Quebec's sovereignty. Lucien Bouchard was the first head and one of the original founders.
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Charlottetown Accord The Charlottetown Accord was a failed atempt by Mulroney and the provincial premiers to gain Quebecs consent to the Constitution Act by amending it.
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Parti Quebecois The commotion around the constitution act led the people of Quebec to re-elect the PQ in the provincial election. The premier was J. Parizeau.
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Quebec Referendum, 1995 The 1995 Quebec referendum asked the people of Quebec whether they wanted to claim sovereignty or not. The result was a 'no', as 50.58% of voters didn't want to.
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Clarity Act The courts ruled that Quebec would have to, before seperating, negotiate with the federal government and the provinces. In the future, Quebec would have to ask a clear question and win a majority.
