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It was an assembly composed of the common people, since they represented 96% of the state. It was formed in the Kingdom of France from the National Assembly during the first period of the French Revolution. It ordered the king to make economic reforms to ensure that the people had food to eat. Its main achievement was the issuing of the Declaration of Rights. It's main motive was to limit the power of the monarch. They swore not to disperse until they formulated a constitution for France.
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The opening of the Estates General took place in Versailles and marked the start of the French Revolution. Its purpose was to transform the entire French political system. They did not met frequently. An important result of one of the meetings was the end of feudalism in France. The Estates General ended up failing because commoners refused to accept the decision made by majority vote, where aristocracy and clergy voted together to put most of the tax responsibilities on the commoners. -
The Tennis Court Oath was an agreement signed in the early stages of the French Revolution and was an important, revolutionary act that showed the belief that political authority came from the commoners and not from the monarchy. They were barred from their usual meeting room in Versailles and, thinking that the king was forcing them to split, they went to a nearby indoor tennis court, where they took an oath never to separate until a written constitution had been established for France. -
The Storming of the Bastille was a decisive moment in the early stages of the French Revolution. It was a prison in Paris and was viewed as a symbol of King Louis XVI's absolute authority over the people, so it was attacked by a huge group of angry commoners. This fort was used by French kings to imprison people that did not agree with them politically. The main reason why the Third Estate stormed the Bastille was to get weapons. The prison had become a symbol of the monarchy's dictatorial rule. -
The August Decrees were 18 decrees made by the National Constituent Assembly during the French Revolution. It put an end to feudalism and ended the tax exemption privileges of the upper classes, making all citizens equal before the law. This was an important step towards the end of the absolute monarchy of France. -
The Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the CitizenIn is a fundamental document of the French Revolution that granted civil rights to some commoners, although it excluded an important segment of the French population. In its 17 articles, it sets out the “natural and inviolable” rights, which are freedom, ownership, security and resistance to oppression. It affirms the principle of separation of powers. This law was passed by the National Constituent Assembly in August 1789. -
The Legislative Assembly was the governing body of France 1791 and 1792. It replaced the National Constituent Assembly and was itself replaced by the National Convention. The Assembly was formed under the Constitution of 1791. The French Revolutionary Wars began when the French Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria. This inaugurated the War of the First Coalition. The Kingdom of Great Britain, Spain, Portugal and Holland joined the alliance due to King Louis XVI being executed.
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The Flight to Varennes was a crucial moment of the French Revolution in which King Louis XVI, his wife and their children tried to escape from Paris in June 1791. They were located and arrested the following day and returned to the capital. The Flight to Varennes changed French people's attitude towards the king because many people in the assembly were shocked. It was added to the constitution that if the king left the country or led a rebellion, he would be removed from power. -
The First Republic lasted until the declaration of the First Empire under Napoleon, although the form of the government changed several times. This period was characterized by the downfall of the French monarchy, the establishment of the National Convention and the Reign of Terror, the Thermidorian Reaction and the founding of the Directory, the creation of the Consulate and Napoleon's rise to power. France turned into a republic when the National Assembly decided to get rid of the king and it.
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It all began when Marie Antoinette heard rumors that the Girondins were planning a military attack on the Austrian Netherlands. She warned her brother Leopold. The Girondin ministry pushed for war on Austria. At their urging, the Legislative Assembly declared war. Some claimed this war was necessary to save the revolution from external threats. At various times, the War would involve almost every significant European power: Spain, Holland, Russia and others. -
The Palace was stormed by the Jacobins. The Brunswick Manifesto was written by the cousin of the French king Louis Joseph de Bourbon. In the manifesto, It was declared that the Allies are ready to restore the powers of the king and treat any person or town who opposed them as rebels to be condemned to death. In response to this, a huge crowd stormed the Tuileries Palace, seizing the king and his family. King Louis XVI and his family were put to death, the Jacobins stormed the Palace. -
The National Convention was a single-chamber assembly in France during the French Revolution. It replaced the Legislative Assembly and founded the First Republic. It was elected to provide a new constitution for France. The Convention numbered 749 deputies, including businessmen, tradesmen, and many professional men. Some years later, the Constitution reestablished freedom of worship, began releasing large numbers of prisoners and initiated elections for a new legislative body.
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Louis XVI was guilty of numerous crimes that amounted to high disloyalty, and he was sentenced to death by guillotine. He was killed in the Place de la Révolution in Paris. Nine months later, his wife Marie Antoinette was executed in the same way as her husband. His death marked the death of the Ancien Régime and ended a millennium of uninterrupted French monarchy. It expanded the French Revolutionary Wars, which led to the Reign of Terror, and began the period of the First French Republic. -
Robespierre and some of his followers were arrested at the Hôtel de Ville in Paris. The next day, Robespierre and 21 of his followers were taken to the Place de la Révolution, where they were executed by guillotine before a cheering crowd. He was unable to kill his rivals faster than they could unite against him. The Thermidorian Reaction toppled and executed Robespierre, and the Reign of Terror died with him. -
The Directory was a five-member committee which governed France from 1795, when it replaced the Committee of Public Safety, until it was removed by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire in 1799 and replaced by the French Consulate. It failed to reform the catastrophic economy, relied heavily on army and violence, and represented another turn towards dictatorship during the French Revolution. The Directory Rule of France was aimed at ending the Reign of Terror in the country.
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Bonaparte stages a coup d'état, abolishing the Directory and appointing himself France's 'first consul'. This marks the end of the French Revolution and the start of the Napoleonic Era. Napoleon's conquests joined the spread of French revolutionary legislation to much of western Europe. As First Consul, Napoleon initiated some lasting reforms: centralized administration of government, higher education system, central bank, law codes and road and sewer system, some of them are in place today.
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The Consulate was the top-level Government of France from the fall of the Directory until the start of the Napoleonic Empire. By extension, the term The Consulate also refers to this period of French history. Consular officials are responsible for protecting the interests of French nationals abroad, be they permanent residents or temporary visitors. During this period, Napoleon established himself as the head of a more authoritarian, autocratic, and centralized republican government in France.
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The First French Empire was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. Napoleon himself claimed that his motives were to protect France from attack by other European nations, to spread revolutionary ideas and end old monarchical regimes and to liberate oppressed people in other countries. The Empire came to an end due to several events that sealed Napoleon and the fate of his empire.
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The Battle of Austerlitz was the first engagement of the War of the Third Coalition and one of Napoleon's most significant victories. The battle took place in Moravia after the French had entered Vienna and then pursued the Russian and Austrian allied armies into Moravia. Napoleon’s 68,000 troops defeated 90,000 Russians and Austrians. Napoleon’s victory forced Austria to conclude the Treaty of Pressburg, ceding Venetia to the French kingdom in Italy and ending for now the anti-French alliance. -
The Battle of Trafalgar is one of the most famous battles in British naval history. The battle was fought between the British Royal Navy and the combined fleets of France and Spain. It took place during the Napoleonic War, as Napoleon Bonaparte and his armies tried to conquer Europe. It was important because it established British naval supremacy for more than 100 years. It also shattered Napoleon's plans to invade England. The combined fleets of France and Spain were defeated. -
The Battle of Leipzig ended with the victory of the allied forces of Austria, Prussia, Russia and Sweden over Napoleon. There were also far more than 500,000 soldiers and over 90,000 dead and wounded. It was one of the biggest battles in European history. The battle marked the climax of the campaigns in Germany that began in the wake of Napoleon's disaster in Russia in 1812. It was also known as the Battle of Nations because soldiers of all Nations except from Turkey fought against Napoleon. -
The Battle of Waterloo was fought between Napoleon's French Army and a coalition led by the Duke of Wellington and Marshal Blücher. It concluded a war that had raged for 23 years, ended French attempts to dominate Europe, and destroyed Napoleon's imperial power forever. Napoleon's plan at Waterloo was to separate the British Army from the Prussians and drive it back to the sea and the British plan was to hold their ground. Napoleon's forces were defeated by the Prussians and the British.