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- Hidalgo, a Catholic priest, initiated the Grito de Dolores in 1810, marking the beginning of the independence movement.
- He led early revolutionary forces but was captured and executed in 1811.
- Hidalgo, a Catholic priest, initiated the Grito de Dolores in 1810, marking the beginning of the independence movement.
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- Morelos assumed leadership after Hidalgo's death and continued the fight for independence.
- He drafted the Sentiments of the Nation, outlining principles for a future Mexican government.
- Morelos was captured and executed in 1815.
- Morelos assumed leadership after Hidalgo's death and continued the fight for independence.
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- Guerrero, of Afro-Mexican descent, joined the independence movement and played a key role in various military campaigns.
- He later became one of the signatories of the Plan of Iguala, contributing to the end of the war in 1821.
- Guerrero, of Afro-Mexican descent, joined the independence movement and played a key role in various military campaigns.
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- Initially a royalist military officer, Iturbide switched sides and joined the independence movement.
- He played a crucial role in the Plan of Iguala, leading to the establishment of the independent Mexican Empire in 1821.
- Iturbide briefly served as the Emperor of Mexico before being overthrown in 1823.
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- Fought against foreign intervention, including the French occupation.
- Implemented liberal reforms, including the separation of church and state.
- Fought against foreign intervention, including the French occupation.
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- Initiated the Porfiriato, a period of economic growth but marked by authoritarian rule.
- Witnessed the Mexican Revolution beginning in 1910, leading to his resignation in 1911.
- Initiated the Porfiriato, a period of economic growth but marked by authoritarian rule.
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- Key figure in the Mexican Revolution, advocating for democratic reforms.
- Faced opposition and was eventually overthrown and assassinated in a coup.
- Key figure in the Mexican Revolution, advocating for democratic reforms.
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- Seized power through a coup, facing opposition from various revolutionary factions.
- Resigned and went into exile due to internal and external pressure.
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- Played a crucial role in drafting the 1917 Constitution.
- Faced challenges, including conflicts with other revolutionary leaders.
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- Led forces against Carranza, resulting in Carranza's assassination.
- Implemented agrarian reforms and social changes.
- Led forces against Carranza, resulting in Carranza's assassination.
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- Continued agrarian and educational reforms.
- Faced opposition, leading to the Cristero War (1926-1929).
- Continued agrarian and educational reforms.
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- Nationalized the oil industry.
- Implemented agrarian reforms and workers' rights.
- Nationalized the oil industry.
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- Guided Mexico through World War II, maintaining a policy of neutrality.
- Implemented social and economic reforms, including land distribution.
- Guided Mexico through World War II, maintaining a policy of neutrality.
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- Focused on economic development and modernization.
- Encountered social challenges, including labor strikes.
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- Implemented the National Development Plan, focusing on economic growth and social justice.
- Oversaw the construction of significant infrastructure projects.
- Implemented the National Development Plan, focusing on economic growth and social justice.
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- Faced controversy for the handling of the 1968 student protests, including the Tlatelolco massacre.
- His presidency also saw economic growth, but the events of 1968 left a lasting impact.
- Faced controversy for the handling of the 1968 student protests, including the Tlatelolco massacre.
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- Advocated for social justice and land redistribution.
- Faced economic challenges and criticism for human rights abuses.
- Advocated for social justice and land redistribution.
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- Faced economic challenges, including the oil crisis and a debt crisis.
- His term saw the nationalization of the Mexican banking system.
- Faced economic challenges, including the oil crisis and a debt crisis.
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- Implemented economic austerity measures to address the debt crisis.
- Focused on economic restructuring and opening Mexico to foreign investment.
- Implemented economic austerity measures to address the debt crisis.
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- Initiated economic reforms, including NAFTA.
- Faced political controversies and protests.
- Initiated economic reforms, including NAFTA.
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- Dealt with the aftermath of the 1994 economic crisis, known as the "Tequila Crisis."
- Implemented economic reforms and contributed to the country's political stability.
- Dealt with the aftermath of the 1994 economic crisis, known as the "Tequila Crisis."
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- First opposition candidate to win the presidency.
- Focused on economic and political reforms.
- First opposition candidate to win the presidency.
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- Launched a military campaign against drug cartels.
- Faced criticism for its impact on violence.
- Launched a military campaign against drug cartels.
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- Implemented structural reforms in education, energy, and telecommunications. - Faced scrutiny for corruption allegations.
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- Focused on anti-corruption measures and social programs.
- Tackled issues like immigration and economic inequality.
- Focused on anti-corruption measures and social programs.