-
The United States was the first country in America to become independent, declaring the 13 colonies gathered in various "continental congresses" their independence from Great Britain in 1776, which was recognized after a war, through the Treaty of Paris in 1783.
-
François Dominique Toussaint-Louverture took charge of a slave revolt on the French side of Hispaniola island and led it between 1793 and 1802. He faced the Spanish, English and French, until his capture, exile and death in France. In 1803, Jean Jacques Dessalines finally defeated the French
-
Jean Jacques Dessalines in 1804, declared the independence of Haiti. It was thus the second independent country in America, in this case led by blacks.
-
The influence of the independence of the United States and the French Revolution was on the part of Napoleon that on May 5, 1808 Napoleon
imprisoned Charles IV and his
son Fernando VII and obliged
abdicate in your favor. -
The independence of Latin America began with the proclamation of Sovereign
Together in 1809. Some of them - especially the first one in Quito were repressed -
The Spanish authorities fiercely repressed the first of the cities to form a Sovereign Board. The viceroys of Lima and Bogotá immediately sent troops with the order to besiege Quito and not let "a grain of salt" enter. After the defeat, the armies of Lima and Bogotá occupied the city, and a year later, on August 2, 1810, they assassinated 300 patriots and citizens, which shook all of America.
At first, the Boards were not independent: they were called interim -
A revolution spontaneously broke out in Asunción (05-14-1811), and
the resulting government remained independent. This is how the Republic of Paraguay was created. In the Banda Oriental, the rural population rose up against the Spanish authorities in Montevideo. Colonel José Artigas commanded the revolutionary troops that defeated the royalists at the Battle of Las Piedras (05-18-1811) -
Morillo soon regained control of Venezuela and New Granada. But, in 1817, Bolívar, Piar, Páez and other Venezuelan leaders reactivated the war. Bolívar faced and defeated Morillo in Calabozo in 1818. Later, however, Morillo counterattacked and defeated Bolívar in the Aragua valley.
-
San Martin decided to continue with his plans, only now first he had to release Chile. That's why years passed making guns, bullets and everything types of teams and organization the Army of the Andes, as they had planned, the six columns met less a month later in the Aconcagua Valley and although he suffered a serious defeat at Cancha Rayada (03-19-1818), triumphed in the decisive battle de Maipú (04-05-1818), ensuring the independence of Chile.
-
Then Bolívar crossed the Andes and defeated the royalists in the battle of Pantano de Vargas (07-25-1819). that sealed the independence of New Granada.
-
Together with O'Higgins, and with
200,000 pesos that I obtained from
Buenos Aires, San Martín managed to
buy a naval squadron to attack the
Spaniards in Peru. San Martín declaró
independencia (28-07-1821) y fue nombrado Protector del Perú con plenos derechos civiles -
Let us remember how the independence of Guayaquil was proclaimed (9-10-1820), the arrival of the patriot army commanded by Antonio José de Sucre, and its triumph in Pichincha (05-24-1822), which culminated the independence of the Great Colombia.
-
Let us remember, also, that Bolivar defeated
the royalist pastures in the battle of Bomboná, and entered triumphant Quito (06-16-1822) and, later, he waited for the president of Peru, General José de San Martín, to discuss the strategy to end the war against the royalists. -
Bolívar, Liberator and
president of Gran Colombia, and San Martín, protector of Peru, spoke of what
was missing to complete the freedom of America: the defeat of the last royalist
bastion in Peru. Surprisingly, San Martín gave Bolívar the initiative of the war
completely. He returned to Lima, resigned the government of Peru (20-
091822), and returned home to Mendoza, Argentina (01-1823) -
Bolivar and Sucre defeated the Spanish army at the Battle
of Junín Four months later, while Bolivar had gone to Lima to raise more money and receive a new contingent of troops, Sucre was forced to give battle and destroyed the last bastion of the Spanish army at the battle of Ayacucho (9-12-1824) , which put an end to Spanish rule in South America.
Sucre went to Alto Peru in 1825 and made it
independent as a sovereign state that adopted the name of Bolivia in honor of Simón Bolívar. -
only when Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was proclaimed
president of the Republic in 1833 Spain only recognized Mexican
independence in 1839. -
On September 23, 1868, the scream of Lares, of independence against Spain, was produced. The rebellion is crushed in a short time. Puerto Rico continues within the Spanish system until the war between EE. UU and Spain. After the defeat of this, the island of Puerto Rico happens to be administered by EE. UU and is currently an associated free state of that country. Consequently, it is not an independent country.
-
In 1821, Juan VI returned to Portugal, leaving his son Pedro de Braganza as governor of Brazil, but the following year he proclaimed himself emperor of Brazil. In 1831 he abdicated and was succeeded by his son, Pedro II, who reigned until 1889 when the first republic was proclaimed.
-
Martí dies in one of the combat actions (1895), but the revolutionary army continues to fight. The USA does not want to lose the possibility of taking over the largest island of the Antilles and, in 1898, after the explosion of the battleship Maine in the port of Havana, he declare war on Spain. The intervention of EE. UU precipitated the Spanish defeat and Cuba proclaimed its independence in 1899, although it suffered the American occupation.
-
Panama belonged to the Viceroyalty of New Granada and, therefore,
became independent along with Colombia. Of this one separated in 1904, by the direct action of EE. UU, to control the Panama Canal promoted the formation of a separate republic.
