-
The king (Henry VIII) was made “Supreme Head of the Church of England”. This occurred during a schism (the church of England separated from the Roman Catholic Church) -
The Crown appropriated their income and land.
The dissolution of monasteries was viewed as a nationalization.
Additionally, all the valuables confiscated from said monasteries, were melted down. By 1536, all the smaller monasteries had disappeared and the greater ones followed two years later, this, of course, had massive consequences on people who lived there. -
The dissolution of the monasteries led to rebellions in Yorkshire & Lincolnshire.
These were the greatest rebellions ever faced by a Tudor monarch, which lasted 6 months.
Those who rebelled, were against :
The dissolution of monasteries and the Reformation. They demanded the restoration of the Pope and of Mary Tudor to the Royal Succession, and also economic grievances were also at the center of rebellions. -
The Council of Trent was held in the Italian city of Trent, this was seen as a symbol of Counter Reformation. The Roman Catholic Church attempted to correct some of the abuses of the church and harshly condemned protestant heresies.
-
The Young King Henry VIII's, became king after his fathers death. -
He passed at the age of 55, thus coronating his heir Edward VI. -
During Edward VI's reign, who was fiercely protestant, led to the publication of the Book of Common Prayer. Additionally, Roman Catholic practices (including statues and stained glass) were eradicated.
The marriage of clergy was allowed.
The imposition of the Prayer Book (which replaced Latin services with English) led to rebellions in Cornwall and Devon. -
After becoming Queen at the age of 37, she managed to : Restore Catholicism in 18 months. Repeal the Protestant legislation of her father and half-brother. Was married to the very Catholic Philip II of Spain, which made her ally with Spain in a war against France. Unfortunately, many people in England opposed this marriage, which led to the rapid decline of her popularity.
-
During her reign, Mary I was nicknamed "Bloody Mary" : She was the cause for the deaths of over 200 protestants, who were burned alive at the stake. This led to Protestantism being confined to secrecy, they were also forced to leave the country and fled to the Continent (Switzerland, where they were taught the teachings of Calvin), they were named the “Marian Exiles”.
-
The young king died at the age of 15, due to tuberculosis -
Following Edward VI's death from tuberculosis, the next heir, Mary I (Tudor) became Queen at the ripe age of 37. -
Sadly, all (not so great) reigns must come to an end, and thus Mary I succumbs to her illness and dies in 1558. Her death was greeted by her people, as she ahs turned the nation against her. Even her husband did not seem to be sad, as he proclaimed: “I feel a reasonable regret at her death” … Before passing, Mary had asked her heir, half-sister Elizabeth, to swear that she'd carry on the Catholic reforms. -
The Act of Uniformity made it so every parish had to use the Book of Common Prayer.
Additionally, people who didn't attend an Anglican service were fined. -
After Elizabeth became the new Queen, there followed a lot of things, most notably :The Elizabethan religious settlement. With this settlement, the 1559 legislation, known as The Act of Supremacy, allows the following Church organizations to:
1. Abolished the authority of the Pope, restoring the authority of the Queen over the Church.
2. Elizabeth becoming “Supreme Governor of the Church of England” -
The Virgin Queen had a love affair with Robert Dudely, 1st Earl of Leicester, which lasted 2 years.
-
Thanks to The 39 articles of faith, a new doctrine was stated into the Church. With this, came 3 important changes:
a new ecclesiology (conception of the Church).
A new doctrine of Salvation.
A new definition of sacraments and of the mass, still in use to this day. -
This rebellion was against the religious reforms, in which there 6000 insurgents.
This revolt was led by the Earls of Westmorland and Northumberland, as an attempt to replace the Queen Elizabeth with Mary, Queen of Scots. -
The Pope Pius V issued the papal bull "Regnans in Excelsis", thus excommunicating Elizabeth, Queen of England. This almost gave Catholics license to kill her with the certainty that it would not be seen as a crime by Rome. Additionally, in response to the 1571 Treasons Act, it became treason for anyone to say that Elizabeth was not the true Queen of England and Wales. -
During the repression that lasted 26 years, 163 people were killed.
-
With the 1581 Act (“Act to retain the Queen’s Majesty’s Subjects in their due Obedience”): It provided for the death penalty for any person converting, or already converted to Catholicism. It was now forbidden to participate or celebrate the Catholic Mass. Anglican services were compulsory: 20 lyres per month fine. -
Young Catholics had sworn to kill Elizabeth and put Mary Stuart on the throne but their strategies were discovered by Francis Walshingham, when he managed to decipher a coded letter between Marie Stuart and this group. -
Mary Queen of scots was the daughter of King James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise. Unfortunately for Mary, she was imprisoned for 19 years as she was deemed a threat to her Majesty. Because Mary was involved in The Babington Plot, she was convicted for complicity and sentenced to death.
She was then executed in 1587, in Fotheringham Castle, wearing a bright res dress, the color of Catholic martyrs. -
The queen made this speech in Tilbury, Essex, in order to rally the troops who were preparing to repel the invasion of the Spanish Armada :
“I know I have the body of a weak woman but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and a King of England too”. -
Because Elizabeth supported the Dutch Revolt against Spain, the Spanish King attempted to invade England, which was a complete failure for them (who would've thought). The 2 big reasons for England's Victory were:
1. A material advantage
2. A human advantage This had great ideological effects for England :
1. Acted as proof of Elizabeth's extraordinary qualities
2. Acted as Reaffirmation of the English national cohesion. -
East India Company founded by royal charter. -
James I became the new King of England, and the Catholics had high hopes in him. -
A conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up the Parliament and kill James I -
-
A period of starvation where 440 met their end.
This was due to a shortage of drinkable water, insufficient food and conflicts with native tribes. -
This contract meant that:
- The king would receive a fixed sum of money, but some MPs feared the King would not need to call up parliaments anymore to get money (=king becomes financially independent) -
This was dubbed "The King James' Bible) -
A war that lasted 30 years, what else did you expect?
During these years, England was at war with Spain and France.
This of course had consequences:
- Huge strain on finances
- The raising of troops (50,000 people!) had an important impact on the local population. -
James summoned a parliament to ask for money for war, which of course, he was not granted. Instead, the parliament discussed foreign policy! -
Alas, the parliament agreed to finance a war on Spain, but it would mostly be a war for the next king (Charles I) to lead.
-
Thankfully for our King, he died peacefully of natural causes in his bed. -
The MPs complained, and they demanded a couple of things:
- They requested the King to recognize the illegality of extra-parliamentary taxation, billeting, and martial law imprisonment without trial.
- Wanted to get Charles to recognize that there were limits to his powers While the furious King did sign it, the MPs were discussing impeaching Lord Buck. The King then suspended parliament seating. -
The resolutions:
- Declared that whoever tried to bring in “Popery or Arminianism” or to alter the protestant forms of the Church of England was an enemy of the Kingdom, as well as anyone advising the King to collect custom duties without Parliament’s consent, this was deemed as an act of open defiance!
- Charles imprisoned these MPs and dissolved parliament.
- Charles also declared that there would be no more parliaments. -
These 11 years were also deemed "The Personal Rule", where the King ruled without calling a parliament
-
Scottish opposition came to the boil when Charles I attempted to impose a New Prayer Book. Riots would soon turn into a widespread rebellion, dubbed "the Bishops' Wars".
-
These 3 men had written pamphlets attacking Laud, which were then put in the pillory and had their ears cut off. -
Because England had lost to Scotland, King Charles I was forced to pay the cost of the Scots' army, which was very very humiliating. He then had to call the parliament for the first time in 11 years! This was deemed as "the Short Parliament" though, as it had only lasted 3 weeks before being dissolved again. -
As opposed to "the Short Parliament" which was dissolved in 3 weeks, "the Long Parliament" lasted 20 years. That's 19.9425039 years longer than the previous!
-
Parliament passed an act that meant: The army should be placed under the control of a general appointed by Parliament. This effectively took away the King's ability to appoint whoever he wanted. -
This was an important document voted by Parliament after heated debates. It summarized all the wrong doings of Charles I & concluded on “revolutionary” demands:- The right of the House of commons to choose the King’s ministers.
- The right for Parliament to control any army sent to Ireland.
- The right for Parliament to reform the Church.
-
Charles I marched into the House of Commons with troops and attempted to arrest the 5 MPs. -
-
Your honor, in my client's defense, Charles I was just a silly goose.
-
King Charles I was executed. -
The Irish Rebellion led by Irish Catholics was crushed by Cromwell and his troops. :( -
England was declared a "commonwealth", which meant it was now by the people, for the people, but the people are dumb, and there is no king either!
-
-
This is England's first and ONLY written constitution! -
Cromwell was fed up, and told the MPs to leave. -
With the end of the Commonwealth, the Protectorate started!
-
Cromwell died due to prolonged health problems, and the recent passing of his daughter. -
This declaration promised:- General Amnesty (a pardon)
- Continuation of religious toleration
- Power sharing with the parliament, in return for the restoration of the monarchy.
-
Miraculously, Charles' II declaration of breda worked! England got itself a King on may 29, 1660. -
Always these rats... with their fleas... on their boats.. -
If the plague didn't get them, the fire will surely get the people in London. -
Rumor of a plot organized by the french to murder Charles II and replace him with his brother, James II, who was a Catholic! -
The parliament attempted to debar James II from succession to the English throne. The only appropriate reaction, of course, is to simply dissolve the parliament. You don't need them babes!
-
He died of a stroke, and the details remain unknown to this very day o_O Following his death, his brother James II became king. -
This bill imposed:
- ALL of King James' misdeeds
- Fixed limitations on the sovereign's powers
- The rights of parliament
- Basic civil rights -
they settled, or something. don't remember -
That year, the Scottish Parliament and the English Parliament united to form the Parliament of Great Britain -
Britain gained Acadia over the French.
-
A rebellion led by the “Old Pretender” James Francis Edward Stuart -
Yet another rebellion led by the “Young Pretender” Bonnie Prince Charlie, 30 years after the first one. -
The final defeat of the Jacobites, at Culloden.