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The Maya were a civilization known for their architecture. It is not known how they died out.
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The Olmec were the earliest of these mesoamerican civilizations. They pioneered some of the technology used by later peoples.
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Pope Urban starts a series of religious wars that involved the Muslims. They lasted over 200 years.
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Servants and vassals worked for manor owners and gave them food from farming and overall help in exchange for shelter and protection.
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The Aztec were a New World civilization that inhabited the island of Tenochtitlan. They died out during the 1500s due to repeated conflicts with the Spanish.
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Marco Polo begins his journey across Europe, accompanied by his father and uncle.
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The Muslims regain the territory taken by the Crusaders and the Europeans retreat.
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Marco Polo returns home to Europe from his expedition with only his family and very few crewmates.
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Marco Polo writes his book "The Travels of Marco Polo" and utters his famous last words: "I have not told the half of what I saw."
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A time in Europe when a plethora of new inventions and art pieces are created due to explorers returning home with new ideas.
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The Inca were a shorter-lived New World civilization that were eventually eliminated by the Spanish conquistadors.
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This was the first time the Portuguese had explored Africa, and they had found gold, which was immensely popular in Europe at the time.
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This Portuguese expedition was funded by Prince Henry and its success encouraged him to fund more expeditions.
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This was another fruitful expedition funded by Prince Henry that encouraged him to fund more scientific endeavors.
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Cape Bojador was notorious for being difficult to navigate, in addition to being incredibly dangerous. Many voyages failed before, but this one was successful.
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Gutenberg combines a wine press and a foreign stamping technique to create one of the most impactful inventions in history.
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Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon are married, uniting Spain and Portugal.
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Bartolomeu Dias becomes the first European explorer to reach Africa after rounding the Cape of Good Hope and coming from Portugal.
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Christopher Columbus reaches America by boat, being funded by Queen Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain.
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Hernan Cortes, armed with a large army and powerful firearms, formed an alliance with the Tlaxcalans and forces the Aztec to convert to Christianity.
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Explorer Francisco Pizarro invades Inca territory, learns about their culture through translators, and takes their leader, Atahualpa, hostage.
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Atahualpa is killed, and Manco Inca becomes the new puppet leader. Pizarro divides their land, and the remaining Inca retreat to the mountains and slowly die out due to various conflicts.
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In a time where ideals were challenged, Thomas Hobbes wrote The Leviathan, a study about the ethical treatment of man. He believed that man needed guidance, but not from a monarch.
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In a time where ideals were challenged, John Locke wrote The Second Treatise on Government, a study about the ethical treatment of man. He believed that man could function on their own, and this was the was nature intended it to be.
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The Declaration of Independence is signed and therefore America is now freed from Britain.
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Based upon the ideals explained in the Second Treatise on Government, France drafted a list of rules about the treatment of their citizens called the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
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With the help of Toussaint L'ouverture, Haiti was freed from the French rule and became its own independent country.
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Simon Bolivar and his army end up winning independence against the motherland, but he appoints himself as leader and ends up creating what he was trying to avoid: a dictatorship.
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Simon Bolivar wins the battle for Gran Columbia's independence and becomes ruler.
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San Martin's goal was to create a monarchy separate from Spain, so he freed Peru from Spain and passed the responsibility to Bolivar.
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A long battle between the Spanish and Mexicans and perpetuated by Father Hidalgo took over eleven years due to inadequate preparation and untrained soldiers.
