Frise

By Z.elyas
  • 1517

    The Ninety-Five Theses

    He wrote the famous text that marks the start of the European Reformation
  • 1526

    Tyndale Bible

    William Tyndale translated the New Testament into English.
  • 1529

    the Pope rejected Henry’s petition for a divorce

    Henry VIII wanted to divorce for 3 reasons:
    1. His wife’s failure to bear a son (only one surviving
    daughter: Mary Tudor)
    2. Her support of the Habsburgs, when Henry wanted
    an alliance with France
    3. He was in love with Anne Boleyn
  • 1534

    Act of Supremacy

    The king was made “Supreme Head of the Church of England”
  • Period: 1534 to

    Frise Histoire

  • 1536

    Pilgrimage of Grace

    The dissolution process was interrupted by rebellions in Yorkshire
    and Lincolnshire.These were the greatest rebellions ever faced by a Tudor monarch. They lasted 6 months
  • 1549

    Book of Common Prayer

    Roman Catholic practices were eradicated.The marriage of clergy was allowed.
    The imposition of the Prayer Book led to rebellions in Cornwall and Devon.
  • 1553

    Mary I first Queen of England

    In 1553, Mary I (Tudor) became the first Queen of England
  • 1555

    Bloody Mary

    Protestantism was confined to secrecy as heretics were burned between 1555 and 1558.
    Under Mary’s brief reign, over 200 Protestants went to the stake
  • 1558

    Elizabeth 1 became Queen of England

  • 1559

    The Act of Supremacy

    Abolished the authority of the Pope restored the authority of the Queen over the Church
    She became “Supreme Governor of the Church of England”.
  • 1559

    The Virgin Queen

    Marriage became a strictly diplomatic instrument, negotiations never actually coming to an end.
    Fixed alliance seen as too dangerous: most of the foreign Kings were Catholic
  • 1569

    The Northern Rebellion

    Rebellion against religious reforms.
    6000 insurgents.
    An attempt to replace Queen Elizabeth by Mary, Queen of Scots.
    The revolt was led by the Earls of Westmorland and Northumberland.
  • 1570

    The Pope excommunicated Elizabeth

  • 1581

    Act to retain the Queen’s Majesty’s Subjects in their due Obedience

    It provided for the death penalty for any person converting, or already converted to Catholicism.
    It was now forbidden to participate or celebrate the Catholic Mass

  • The execution of Mary Queen of Scots

    Young Catholics had sworn to kill Elizabeth and put Mary
    Stuart on the throne but their strategies were discovered
    by Francis Walsingham, when he managed to decipher a
    coded letter between Marie Stuart and this group.

  • The Defeat of the Spanish Armada

    Under Elizabeth, a new fleet was constructed: modern fleet of 800 ships
    Invention of a new strategy by England: line battle
    Used the Dutch strategy of incendiary ships a human advantage on the side of England recruiting efforts had been made: many
    more sailors

  • The Golden Age

    Virginia became the 1st permanent English settlement in North America named after the Virgin Queen

  • King James I of England and VI of Scotland

    Crowned King of England in
    1603 on Elizabeth’s death

  • The Gunpowder plot

    A conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up, Parliament and kill James I.

  • Establishment of Jamestown in Virginia

  • Virginia

    permanent colony

  • The Starving Time

    Period of starvation, only 60 of the 500 colonists survived

  • “Great Contract”

    The King would receive a fixed sum/some MPs feared the King would not need to call up parliaments/the king would be financially independent/The House of Commons refused/James dismissed Parliament

  • King James’ Bible

    a new English translation of the Bible

  • The Thirty Years’ War

    Parliament did not favour a direct military attack on the Spanish forces/James tore the Commons’ Protestation and dissolved Parliament.

  • James I died

  • King Charles I

  • PROBLEM 1: War

    The Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648):
    Military defeats/England at war with Spain and France/A huge strain on finances

  • PROBLEM 2: Finances

    The right to collect custom duties for life. But MPs only did so for a year/Charles dissolved Parliament to protect Lord Buckingham/recognise that there were limits to his powers.

  • Three Resolutions

    Declared that whoever tried to alter the protestant forms of the Church of England was an enemy of the Kingdom/Charles imprisoned these MPs and dissolved parliament. Start of the “Personal Rule”

  • The Personal Rule

    11 years when the King ruled without calling a parliament/ “The Eleven Years Tyranny”

  • The Scottish crisis

    New Prayer Book : The changes were deemed unacceptable.

  • Scottish National Covenant

    Scottish General Assembly removed the bishops : act of open rebellion
    Scotland and England both started to form an army : The Bishops’ Wars

  • The Short Parliament

    For the first time in 11 years Charles called a parliament needing money to fight, Charles dissolved it after only 3 weeks.

  • Peace Treaty/Treaty of Ripon

    The Scots invaded England and emerged victorious, forced to pay the cost of the Scots’ army

  • The Grand Remonstrance of 1641

    It summarized all the wrong doing of Charles I and concluded on “revolutionary” demands.

  • The First Civil War

  • War on Parliament

    On 22 August 1642, Charles formally declared war on Parliament.

  • A new army

    This was a national, centralized army, controlled and paid from Westminster rather than the counties

  • The King and the Royalists surrendered

  • New Model Army seized the King

  • The Second Civil War

    The Second Civil War was made of a series of revolts in
    the South of England, Wales and Scotland

  • England was declared a Commonwealth

  • King Charles I was executed

  • Cromwell defeated the Scots Army

  • The Instrument of Government

    England’s first and only written constitution

  • Cromwell dissolved the Rump Parliament

  • the English invaded Jamaica

  • Cromwell died

  • Charles II issued the Declaration of Breda

    A general amnesty//To continue religious toleration/To share power with Parliament : in return for the restoration of monarchy.

  • The Restoration

  • The act of uniformity

    All ministers had to swear to conform to the Book of Common Prayer

  • Plague

  • Great Fire of London

  • The Popish Plot

    plot organised by the French to murder Charles II

  • The Exclusion crisis

    Parliament attempted to debar James II from the succession to the English throne

  • Charles II died and was succeeded by his brother James II

  • The Glorious Revolution

    James II fled to France and William became King William III

  • The Bill of Rights/Constitutional Monarchy

  • The Act of Settlement

    Ensured a Protestant succession

  • William died

  • Final defeat of the Jacobites

  • Declaration of Independence

  • British Empire

    colonies in North America/trading posts in India/Britain's defeat in the American War of Independence meant
    the loss of the American colonies

  • Treaty of Paris

  • French Revolution

  • Acts of Union

    Created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland