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Due to incredible debt, King Louis XVI called the Estates-General, An assembly of all three estates in France. The first estate was made up of church officials. The second estate was made up of nobility. The third estate was the largest estate but it was mostly made up of peasants. The estates general only gave one vote to each estate despite having multiple representatives per estate. Since the third and second estates were mostly united, the majority of the country had no voice.
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Each estate had to verify their own delegates so they could meet in separate assemblies. The third estate wanted the Estates general itself to verify the delegates so all deputies would meet in one assembly. Eventually relented to verifying their delegates.
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To implement their idea of each deputy having a vote rather than each estate, the Third estate (and 100 members from the first estate) declared themselves the national assembly to act as one body representing the people. The other estates were welcomed to join but refused.
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King Louis XVI did not like the National Assembly and locked the doors of the meeting room of the National Assembly. The assembly met in a tennis court and decided not to leave until they had drafted a constitution. This decision is known as the Tennis Court Oath.
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After the National Assembly is locked out of their meeting room, the other estates began to feel sympathy. The Majority of the first estate and 47 members of the second estate joined the National Assembly. After this pushback, King Louis XVI backed down.
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Rumors were circulating that Louis XVI would use swiss mercenaries to shut down the National Assembly. In response the assembly went into a non-stop session. The rumors caused crowds to take to the streets, and the soldiers assigned to disperse them refused to do so.
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The soldiers sent to disperse the mob joined the mob and attacked the bastille, a royal fortress in pairs. The bastille was overrun and the official inside were killed and had their heads put on spikes. Louis XVI now had to deal with the prospect of losing the Capital.
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To try to retain control of Paris, Louis XVI decided to visit the city. He took 100 deputies with him. When he entered a leader of the crowd handed him a tricolore cockade, which he accepted, therefore accepting Nation Assembly authority.