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Jan 1, 1492
Christopher Colombus
Christopher Colombus, financed by Spain, arrived in North America in 1492. This lead to further exploration of the territory -
Jan 1, 1497
Jean Cabot
Jean Cabot was the one who discovered Newfoundland. -
Jan 1, 1500
Beaver Pelts
In the late 16th century, the French realized that the beaver pelts that fishers exchanged with Aboriginal peoples had far higher value in Europe. The fur trade was now seen by French merchants as a new way to get rich. The French therefore allowed merchants and shipowners to invest large sums of money in building a network of fur trading posts in the colony. -
Jan 1, 1500
3 Linguistic Families
Around the year 1500, the territory of Quebec was occupied at this time by three linguistic families: Algonquian, Iroquoian, and Inuktitut. -
Jan 1, 1500
Barter System
Around the 1500, the different nomadic and sedentary Aboriginal groups used the barter system, that is, they traded goods. These goods were transported, often great distances, along traditional routes, taken with them as they traveled. In this was, peoples that ;lived along the St-Lawrence could obtain shells from the gulf of Mexico or the Atlantic coast and copper from the north of lake superior. -
Jan 1, 1500
The Fish
John Cabot and other explorer of the 16th century noticed that the waters off of the coast of North America were teeming with fish.
Since European demand for fish was very high at the time, fishers quickly took control of these waters. Fishing boats from Spain, England, and France travelled to the coast of North America, fishing primarily for cod and whale. Every summer these men would set up temporary camps on the shores and dried the fish that they would then take back to Europe. -
Jan 1, 1500
Trading Post Colony
Mercantilism and the need for resources led France to colonize North America. In the late 16th century, various groups explored the territory and developed trading relationships with the Natives. The king eventually granted monopolies to individuals, who in turn had to protect France’s rights to the territories. -
Diversified Economy
At the end of the 17th century the mother country adopted policies designed to increase the colonies population and diversify its economy.The French state wanted to create a market in New France where it could sell its finished products and exploit the colony’s resources (mercantilism). Mercantilism is based on a nation's accumulation of wealth (gold and silver). -
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Charter Company System
From 1601 to 1627, monopolies followed one after the other, but only a small handful of French people settled on the colony. Monopoly holders did not consider it profitable to invest in settlement because only a few employees were needed to run the fur trade. Faced with this problem, the state made it a requirement that the holders of fur trading monopolies must populate the St. Lawrence Valley. manage and send furs. -
Permanent Settlement
Because of the fishing, aboriginal peoples and Europeans would meet often. However the French permanently settled because of the fur trade. -
French and English War
In 1627, France and England went to war against each other. An English fleet intercepted the first ships to New France, which were carrying almost 400 colonists and provisions for the colony. The company suffered heavy financial losses and was unable to settle the territory. -
King Louis XIV
King Louis began his reign in 1661 and in 1663 he dissolved the company 100 associates. To gain control of economic activities in New France, and assert territorial claims in North America, Louis setup crown corporations, companies that were accountable to him, like the Dutch West India Company. The system ended in 1674 -
Administration
IN 1663, the French took over the administration of the territory. -
Hudson Bay Company
In 1659, two coureur de bois decided to go to the hudson bay to trade with a group of aboriginals that they had come to know well. The Two explorers returned with detailed information about the territory and brought back high-quality furs, but were unable to convince the French authorities to finance a commercial expedition to Hudson bay. They therefore decided to offer their services to the English Crown, which funded a maritime expedition to Hudson bay in 1668 -
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British Rule
Following the Conquest and the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the British took possession. The colonies primarily served as a source for the supply of raw materials and goods. Until the mid19th century, Great Britain maintained a policy of protectionism that favoured the purchasing of resources from within the Empire. -
Quebec Act
IN 1774, the British Parliament adopted the Quebec Act, Expanding the territory to include the region around the Great Lakes. To aid with the fur trade. -
Free Trade
In the first half of the 19th century, supporters of the free trade doctrine pressured British parliament to end protectionist trading policy. IN 1846 the Corn Laws were abolished, which had guaranteed preferential tariffs to cereal merchants on the British market, In 1849, the Navigation Acts were also abolished, so now merchant ships, regardless of their country of origin, would have access to British ports. -
Reciprocity Treaty
In order to facilitate with the United States, the colonies signed the reciprocity Treaty in 1854. According to this treaty, raw material or primary manufactured products(flour, sawed wood) could be traded between the countries without customs duties. -
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Contemporary Period
In 1867, the British colonies in North America joined together to form a confederation. Four economic factors would lead the colonies to unite to form the Dominion of Canada. -
Economic Crisis
The prices of raw materials collapsed and exports fell resulting in an economic crisis in 1873. Following the election of 1878, Cnservation Prime Minister John A. Macdonald tried to correct the situation by proposing a policy of industrial development. -
Canadian Pacific Railway
When MacDonald came to power in 1878, he made it a priority to complete the Canadian Pacific Railways (CPR) line. -
National Policy
The National Policy came into effect in 1879. It was structured around three objectives. To protect new Canadian industries through a protectionist tariff policy. This resulted in higher duties on most manufactured goods from abroad.To encourage the expansion of the railway network in order to link the provinces and increase trade.To implement measures to stimulate immigration in order to encourage the settlement of land in the west, increasing the labor force and create a new consumer market. -
Second Phase of Industrialization
Canadian Industries, experienced growth as a result of the protectionist tariff policy started with the National Policy. This second phase of industrialization, which lasted from about 1900, to 1929, was primarily characterized by the quick expansion of industrial sectors which had developed due to new energy sources: Hydroelectricity and oil. -
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First World War
From 1914 to 1918, the European powers fought each other in a world war. Canada’s participation in the war effort stimulated the economy, as the country became one of the major suppliers for all the allied troops. The subsidies granted by the federal government to business during the war developed sectors such as mining, iron and steel, clothing, etc. The agriculture sector also benefited from the war as the demand for wheat and pork, intended primarily for the soldiers, grew rapidly. -
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First World War
From 1914 to 1918, the European powers fought each other in a world war. Canada’s participation in the war effort stimulated the economy, as the country became one of the major suppliers for all the allied troops. The subsidies granted by the federal government to business during the war developed sectors such as mining, iron and steel, clothing, etc. The agriculture sector also benefited from the war as the demand for wheat and pork, intended primarily for the soldiers, grew rapidly. -
Great Depression
After ww 1, Europe is forced into the Great Depression. It is damaged, and they are struggling to get money from Germany for their damages. Back in America, everything is ok. People are going to theatres, and stuff, until 1929, where the stock market crashes. It is called Black Tuesday. The manufacturers produced too much, and people can’t buy anymore because they already bought so much, which causes the prices of the manufactured objects to decrease. -
Impact of Second World War
The economic crisis that followed the stock market crash quickly faded after Canada entered WW11 on september 10th, 1939. The allies relied on Canadian industries, located far from the European conflict, to supply them with foodstuffs and military equipment. Demand for manufactured goods from Canada intensified and stimulated War production. In the second world war, the government goes back into a state of developing weapons and sending soldiers.
