-
The Spanish Armada was a part of a planned invasion of England raised by King Phillip II of Spain. The Spanish Armada was launched in 1588. It was a massive fleet of 150 ships and around 18,000 men. This battled occurred due to many religious and political conflicts between England and Spain. The English's large naval force defeated the Spanish in this battle. -
Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes in hope religious wars and conflicts would end with Catholics and Protestants. The Edict of Nantes was supposed to protect Protestants and grant rights and freedom towards the Huguenots. -
The Thirty Year War began when the newly elected Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II, forced Roman Catholic on the citizens of his empire. This caused Protestants and others to rebel against Ferdinand's actions causing one of the most destructive European wars. -
The English Civil War was made up of three wars that were fought between Parliament and King Charles I. The start of this devastating war occurred due to Charles I creating an army to fight Ireland without Parliament's permission. -
The Thirty Years War was a series of battles fought in Central Europe. These wars were fought due to the king trying to impose Catholic beliefs on all the citizens. After thirty years the War finally came to an end when The Treaty of Westphalia was signed. -
Oliver Cromwell earned his title "Lord Protector" after he defeated King Charles I in the Civil War. After the execution of the king he ruled England and help grant rights to the commonwealth. -
One of Louis XIV biggest accomplishments was turning a hunting lodge into the Palace of Versailles. Louis believed building a massive and beautiful palace would be crucial to his absolutism rule. Versailles remained the center of power for 100 years once construction was completed in 1715. -
At first Peter ruled by the side of his brother Ivan V in 1682. When Ivan passed away he ruled Russia by himself and officially declared himself Sovereign of Russia. He desired to achieve many things for Russia. Peter wanted to reform the country by making it more modernized. He relied on trade and creating a large and strong army to accomplish his goals.
-
The English Bill of Rights was signed in 1689 by William III and Mary II. The bill declared constitutional and civil rights for the people of England and gave Parliament power over the monarchy. -
After Peter Great won access to the Baltic Sea in the Great Northern War, he had a plan to create a city. He hoped to build a massive port were ships could come in in out of the city to trade products. Peter the Great then created St. Petersburg and it became the new Russian capital. -
The National Assembly was formed by the representatives of the Third Estates (common people) in the estates general. This group was thought to be revolutionary and it represented 96% of the nation. -
The Tennis Court Oath was a pledge signed during the French Revolution. It was an important act because it declared political authority would come from the people of the nation and not from the monarchy. -
The storming of the Bastille was a historical event because a prison on the east side of Paris was attacked by an angry and destructive mob. The mob of people did not care for the prisoners but instead believed they would find a lot of ammunition inside of the prison. The ammunition would be useful to the people in future wars. -
The Constitution of 1791 was the first written constitution in France after the absolute monarchy collapsed. The National Assembly issued the constitution to create equal representation and rights towards the people of France. -
Louis XVI was executed because he had been accused of betraying the French nation to the Austrians. He blamed his wife Maria Antoinette for the reason he could not make an heir to the thrown. The people Believed Louis and the citizens went against Maria. the Austrians were upset with his actions and he was then executed by the guillotine. -
The Committee of Public Safety was led mainly by Maximilien Robespierre, during the Reign of Terror. It was created in 1793 to help defend the nation from foreign enemies. This group was strong and were effective when they were trying protect their nation. -
The Reign of Terror was a period in time when conflicts between people occurred often and violence and crime were committed. The main cause of the Reign of terror was that many people were scared of new revolutionary wars happening and foreign attacks on nations. -
Maximilien Robespierre was overthrown and captured by the National Convention. He was then executed for acting in a violent, irrational, and unnecessary way during the Reign of Terror. Instead of hoping for the Reign of Terror to end he encouraged it to continue on. -
Napoleon Bonaparte took control of the empire because he seized political power in a 1799 coup d'état, and he created many alliances. He then went on to crown himself emperor in 1804. -
Once Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo his rule ended as emperor of the French, and it marked the end to all wars that were conflicting with Europe since the start of the Revolution.
