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The Spanish Armada is created to invade England -
The Spanish Armada is defeated in a naval battle against Britain. This rockets England into a global, military, and social powerhouse. -
The Edict of Nantes is issued, which gives Huguenots many more rights and freedoms. The Edict was later revoked by Cardinal de Richelieu. -
Ferdinand II of Austria attempts to enforce Roman Catholic absolutism on his territories. A Rebellion is begun in response. -
The English Civil War begins as a result of a quarrel between parliament and King Charles I. Charles believed he had divine right to rule over everything while parliament believes that Charles should consult them before making financial decisions. -
A series of treaties is signed called The Peace of Westphalia. These treaties officially ended the Thirty Years War and changed the map of Europe forever -
The English Civil war ends with Oliver Cromwell claiming victory. King Charles I is beheaded. -
After disbanding Parliament, Oliver Cromwell becomes "Lord Protector." In 1657 he was offered to be king but refused after working so hard to demolish the previous monarchy. -
Charles II is reinstated as the King of France. It marked the beginning of the Restoration. Charles promised amnesty and religious toleration for those who were his enemies. -
The "Sun King's" great palace begins construction to replace a small château he had built earlier. Louis XIV saw himself as the center of the nation so he decided to build Versailles to echo that. -
Peter The Great takes control of the "frozen in time" Russia. In his time as the Tsar. He was not able to gain a warm water port but was able to largely westernize and bring Russia back to its former glory. -
The English Bill of Rights is signed by the co-rulers William III and Mary II. The bill ultimately gave Parliament power over the monarchy. -
The Prussian King Frederick II attacks Silesia, a province of Austria. This sparks a war which ends with Prussia allying with Bavaria, Spain, Sweden, Saxony, and France. -
An Assembly is created by the third estate, who were comprised of 96% of France. It was created when the Estates-General could not decide how to deal with the economic crisis. -
Members of the third estate in France take an oath to not separate and to reassemble anywhere until the new Constitution is established. The oath was taken in a tennis court. -
Revolutionaries stormed the prison known as the Bastille. They thought that ammunition was stored there which it was not, but instead of stopping they freed the prisoners and gathered the little ammunition that was actually there. -
The Declaration of the Rights of Man & the Citizen is issued by the French National Constituent Assembly. It defined the collective and individual rights during the French Revolution. -
A rioting group of Women march on the Palace of Versailles. They originally began protesting the absurd scarcity and prices of bread, but the protest evolved into shouts for political reforms and a constitutional monarchy when revolutionaries joined the group of women. -
The French Constitution of 1791 is issued by the National Assembly. The constitution made lawmakers elected officials and gave the National Assembly the ability to make laws, collect laws, and decide on issues of war and peace. -
Louis XVI is executed after attempting to flee France. He attempted to flee France because of the opposition to them. His wife was accused of incest later and was also executed. -
The beginning of executions of enemies of the Revolution. terror is declared "The order of the day." by Robespierre. -
Robespierre is executed ending The Reign of Terror, which claimed 18,500-40,000 lives comes to an end. The revolutionary leaders are tried and guillotined. -
Napoleon crowns himself emperor of France after leading a coup d’état in 1799 which gave him political power. -
Napoleon Bonaparte leads the Grande Armée across the Neman River, beginning his invasion of Russia. -
Napoleon is defeated a final time. The Duke of Wellington leads a European Allied army to defeat him. -
After the defeat at Waterloo, Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena. They exiled him here so that he could not escape as he had done after previous defeats.