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The Spanish armada was a planned attack on England under the rule of Philip II. He sailed “La Felicissima Armada', which translates to, 'the most fortunate fleet'. Philips' army consisted of about 150 ships and around 18,000 men. -
This document was issued as an attempt to end a series of battles between French Catholics and Protestants. The Edict of Nantes granted religious tolerations and other freedoms to the Huguenots, better known as the French Protestants. -
The war began for many reasons, but the main reason was differences in religious beliefs. Ferdinand II attempted to impose Roman Catholic absolutism on the people, and the Protestant nobles rebelled against it. -
The palace was originally a hunting lodge and private retreat for Louis XIII. It represented the successes and failures of France but also the wealth. -
The English civil war began over long lasting disagreements over religious freedoms. There was a great deal of animosity between Parliament and the Monarchy due to the rule of King James I. -
Charles II returned to England after Oliver Cromwell died. He was restored but forced to accept a limit to his power if he wanted to reign. He was best known for his religious toleration. -
When Peter became Czar of Russia, the society was severely underdeveloped. During his rule, Peter had two goals, to westernize Russia and gain a warm water port. He was only successful in the westernization portion of his two goals before he died. -
The Peace of Westphalia recognized who got what land throughout the empire. The signing of this document also encouraged the emperors to create treaties with the others and also foreign powers. -
This was a document signed into law by William and Mary. After the bloodless overthrow of King James II, William and Mary became the co-rulers of England. The English Bill of Rights gave parliament the power over the monarchy and stated -
Peter the Great wanted to “hack a window to Europe”. This meant he didn’t just want access to the sea and a warm water port, he also wanted a westernized looking city that was up to date with european standards. -
The French Government was in extreme financial trouble. This led to King Louis XVI calling a meeting of the Estates-General to approve a new variety of taxation. The Estates-General had not met in over 170 years until this meeting. -
The National Assembly was formed by delegates of the third estate. The people of the National Assembly claimed to represent the people of France, and they invited delegates from each estate to help write a constitution. -
This oath was sworn into place after the National Assembly found themselves locked out of the meeting hall. This oath declared “never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until the constitution is established”. -
Bastille was a prison on the east side of Paris that was attacked due to a rumor that royal troops were going to take the capital. 800 Parisians demanded the weapons be released and the guard opened fire on the Parisians. The mob then invaded the prison and found no weapons, so they then destroyed the prison with their hands.
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This declaration was issued by the French National Constituent Assembly and is also known as the Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen. This document established the collective and individual rights of the people during the French Revolution. -
In November of 1792, Louis was accused of having counter-revolutionary beliefs and communication with foreign countries. He was charged with treason and then executed by the guillotine.
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This committee was created in an effort to defend France against domestic enemies. This committee also had the responsibility to maintain the executive government. Members of the Committee of Public Safety could only serve for a month after they were elected. -
During the French Revolution, The Reign of Terror was a time of state-sanctioned massacre and violence. This lasted approximately 11 months and was led by Maximilien de Robespierre. During The Reign of Terror, French citizens who were not supportive of the revolution were executed by the guillotine. -
Maximillian Robespierre was executed in the Place de la Revolution, which is the same place King Louis XVI had also been executed a year before. Robespierre was arrested by the National Convention for encouraging execution of over 17,000 enemies by the guillotine during the Reign of Terror. -
The defeat at Waterloo is also known as “La Belle Alliance”. This battle was Napoleon’s final defeat after over 20 years of war between France and other European countries. The battle of Waterloo also ended Napoleon’s rule as the Emperor of the French.
