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British parliament created it which gave the English East Indian company a monopoly on the sale of tea in the colonies. -
American colonies led by General George Washington won decisive victories. Then Britain recognised US as independent nation in the Treaty of Versailles(1783). -
Englisg settlers arrived on the coast of North America and formed the Thirteen Colonies. There were political tensions between them and the British Parliament.
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An assembly of all the 3 states in society. -
When Napoleon conquered many countries, after that he become emperor of France while he governed almost all Europe.
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This constitution ended royal absolutism stablishing a monarchy. -
After the French revolution and Nappoleon's exile the french people decided to stablished a republic. -
Several factors such as the creoles and peninsular Spaniards, liberalism and nationalism and britain support contributed to the rise of independence movements in Spain`s American colonies.
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Carlos IV`s prime minister, Manuel Godoy signed this treaty with France to allowed French troops to cross Spain on their way to Portugal. In this process French army occupied afew cities in Spain. This led to the Mutiny of Aranjuez -
In the French revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Spain and imposed us a governor who was his brother, Jose I. After it, part of spanish population wanted the French to go out of the country.
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Charles IV abdicated in favour of Ferdinand the VII -
Spanish population consider that José I was not the legitimate monarch and this led to several uprisings across Spain -
José de San Martín declared independence in Argentina. And some victories from San Martín led to the independence in Chile in 1818 -
Simón Bolivar won Colombian independence and he created the Republic of Gran Colombia made up of modern Colombia, Panama, Venezuela and Ecuador -
Mexico won its independence under the conservative general Agustín de Iturbide -
After Ferdinand VII died, his daughter was the heir of the throne but she was too young so his mother was her regent queen in her name.
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The state was centralised and liberals were diveded into moderates and progressives(democrats and republicans) and there were very rivalised. O'donnell led a pronunciamiento against the government -
Kingdom of Piedmont led the unification process under king Vittorio Emanuele II and Cavour, his prime minister. A revolutionary leader called Giuseppe Garibaldi made a significant contribution
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There was considerable legislative activity, which included Madoz's desamortizacion. -
Cavour won French support for Italian cause against the Austrians. They defeated the Austrians and the region of Lombardy became part of Piedmiont -
The first Italian parliament met in Turin and Vittorio Emanuele II became king of Italy -
Gerenal Prim and Serrano made a pronunciamiento against Isabel II and she had to go out of Spain. General Serrano became provisional governor or Spain and created a constituent parliament. -
During this years many things hapened in Spain. Isabel was deposed and Spain passed through many different governors.
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The Piedmontese occupied Rome and became capital of Italy -
As Spain didn't have any person on the throne, General Prim brought an italian king to the throne. His name was Amadeo of Savoy but in less than a year the liberals unifyed and revolt against him. In the same year he abdicated and left Spain. -
After Amadeo I left, it began the first Spanish republic. It lasted a year and it had 4 different presidents. Spain had many problems as the Cantonal revolution, the third carlist war and the Cuba war against us. It finished with the General Martinez Campos who restores the bourbon dinasty.