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Spanish conquistadores led by Francisco Pizarro defeat the Incas and in consequence, they became part of the Vice-royalty of Peru.
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Frabcisco Pizarro established in Lima, made it the capital of Viceroyalty of Peru.
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In 1542 a Spanish imperial council promulgated statutes called New Laws for the Indies, which were designed to put a stop to cruelties inflicted on the Native Americans.
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The first Spanish viceroy arrived in Peru in 1544 and attempted to enforce the New Laws, but the conquistadores rebelled and, in 1546, killed the viceroy.
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In 1569 the Spanish colonial administrator Francisco de Toledo arrived in Peru. During the ensuing 14 years he established a highly effective, although harshly repressive, system of government.
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Pedro Bohorquez led the Calchaqui Indians in an uprising against the spanish.
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Pedro Bohorquez, the last living descendant of the Inca emperors, was executed and displayed in Lima.
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The new Kingdom of Granada became an independent viceroyalty under the Spanish Crown.
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Juan Santos Atahualpa headed a failed uprising against the Spanish Colonial Government.
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Revolts started by an army of 60,000 Native Americans revolted against the Spanish under the comand of "Tupac Amarú". Although initially successful, the uprising was crushed in 1781.
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Tupac Amaru was quartered in Cuzco because of Indigenous rebels led by him were defeating Spanish forces
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In September 1820 the Argentine soldier and patriot José de San Martín, who had defeated the Spanish forces in Chile, landed an invasion army at the seaport of Pisco, Peru.
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Jose de San Martin captures Lima from Spanish and declared Peru´s independence.
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Leaders of the colony’s independence movement created a centralized government consisting of a president and a single-chambered legislature.
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The Spanish army was defeated, marking the end of the Spanish rule in South America
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Peru and Bolivia formed a confederation which lasted less than three years.
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Peru did not have any peace until Ramon Castilla seized the presidency.
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Ramon Castilla initiated many important reforms, including the abolition of slavery, the construction of railroads and telegraph facilities, and the adoption in 1860 of a liberal constitution.
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In 1879 Spain signed a treaty recognizing Peru as a sovereign country.
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Chile declared war to Peru and Bolivia after Peru-Bolivian Confederacy was established and then dissolved.