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WWI Conscription By the middle of the war French Canadians felt they had done enough in the European theatre and opposed sending more troops to the front.
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Duplesiss Era Duplessis was known for supporting the Catholic Church and cotholic education. Resulting in Quebec schools graduating many teachers, philosophers and theologians but not businessmen, entrepreneurs, etc. As a result, Quebec's economy becomes stagnant.
A dark period of time where Quebec -
Conscription By 1942 reserves were startlingly low and Hitler had control over all of Europe, raising the need for conscription.
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quiet revolutionJohn Lesage replaces Duplessis after his death and starts modernizing education, politics and culture. It was deemed quiet because there was no bloodshed. Lesage actually won the election under the motto "Maitre chez nous" - meaning masters of our own house.
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seperatist movementSee FLQ Front de Liberation du Quebec
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Extreme seperatist organization
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Under the Pearson gov't, it was decided ot have a flag without British symbols on it. It also acted as a means to unify the country. See designs on p. 215 of Counterpoints
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Prior to this the immigration policy was restrictive, giving preference to English speaking (Br or US) applicants. Now the policy was based on the Points System where applicants were scored. Jobs in need in Canada were given higher points that jobs in less demand.
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This is a product of the research and fact-finding mission if the Bi and Bi commision aka the Royal commision on Biliguialism and Biculturalism which discovered that French Canadians alienation from the rest of Canada was growing and problematic. The commision reccomended biligualism in an attempt to unify the country.
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After growing separatist sentiments, the FLQ stepped up their act s of agression by kidnapping the British Diplomat, James Cross. The FLQ eished the release of their FLQ prisoners before releasing Cross. FLQ later kidnaps Pierre La Porte. Trudeau enact WMA but La Porte's strangled body is found in trunk of car.
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Multiculturalism encouraged people to express their cultures, and in doing so, would de-emphasize the French as the only cultural group in Canada.
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This made French the only language of Quebec. (Not biligual like the rest of Canada). Rationale: declining birth rates saw the slow death of Fr. Canadians.
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families and businesses could "vouch for" ar sponsor a new immigrant, meaning they would take responsibility for this new persons set up in Canada.
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Aka: charter of the french language. This made French the only language of quebec. But many french Canadians felt Bill 101 was a symbol of supression as it discouraged their movement outside their ability to conduct business with English Canada.
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René Levesque asked people of Quebec to vote 'yes' to negotiating a new agreement eith Canada based on Sovreignety-association. He proposed that quebec become politically independant, yet maintain a close economic relationship with Canada. Results: 40% voted yes, 60%voted no
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Background: BNA Act in Britain and Trudea wanted tp have the Charter of Rights and Freedoms added to it and bring it home. First he needed to come up with an Amending Formula in there were any changes to be made. Unfortunately the Premier could not agree on that formula. They stumbled out a Kitchen Compormise.
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Lucien Bouchard resigns from Mulroney's cabinet and forms the Bloc Quebecois.
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PM Brian Mulroney wanted Quebec's signature on the Constitution with "honour and enthusiasm". Reform party is born out of feeling of western aleination, senate reform, French-English rift, Aboriginal Self Gov't.
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Belief in the Canadian "Mosaic" the USA's "Melting Pot". Discouraged assimilation but encouraged expressing your culture.
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PM Mulroney calls a conference at Meech Lake proposing constitutional comendments. Puropse? Recognize Quebec as a Distinct Society, give more power to the provinces. Meech lake Accord became know as the Quebec Round in the media. When Meech failed, Fr-Can felt Eng-Can was rejecting them.
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PM Mulroney continued the constitution debates. Charlottetown Accord proposed: reforming the senate, Aboriginal self gov't, universal health care, workers rights, enviro'l protection. Called it the Canada ROund b/c there was something for every province. 54.5% of Canadians rejected Charlottetown because there were too many clauses. Que. felt their issues were not adressed.
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Quebec is angered by constitution ddebates and re-elect Part Quebecois leader Jacques Parizeau. He calls a referendum of full sovereignety. 49.4% Quebecois vote yes, 50.6% vote no. PM Chretien sent the issue of Quebec separation to the Supreme court (1998). Courts ruled thar Que. d/n have to negotiate w/ nine other provinces.
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Clarity Bill followed up.
