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Consciption
The French were not in suport of sending more troops to the European front because they felt they had already contributed enough. -
Creation of the Union NationaleUnion Nationale Party was created
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DuplessisDupleiss the Premier of Quebec leader of the Union Nationale Party believed Quebec should be recognized as a Distinct Society. Bribery and corruption were also it's trademarks
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WWII conscription crisisHitler has full control of Europe and we realized the need to send more troops raising the need for conscripts. By the time the war was over, French-English relations were strained but not broken
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FLQExtreme separatist organization
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Quiet RevolutionJean Lesage replaces Duplessis after his death and starts modernizing education, politics, and culture.
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Separatism Quebec separatist movement gains momentum. FLQ.
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Canadian flagThe maple leaf flies for the first time. Under the Pearson gov't it was decided to have a flag without a British symbol on it. It also acted as a means to unify the country.
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Immigration policyPrior to this the immigration policy was restrictive, giving preference to English speaking (Br or US) applicants. Now the policy was based on the points system where applications were scanned. Jobs in need in Canada were given higher points than jobs in less demand etc.
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Official Languages Act This was a product of the research and fact-finding mission of the Bi- and Bi Commission who discovered that French Canadians alienation from the rest of Canada was growing and problamatic. The Commission recommended bilinguism in an attempt to unify the country.
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October CrisisAfter growing separatist sentiments, the FLQ stepped up their acts of aggression by kidnapping the British diplomat, James Cross. The FLQ wished the release of their FLQ prisoners before releasing the cross. FLQ later kidnaps Pierre La Porte. Trudeau enacts WMA but LaPort's strangled body is found in the trunk of a car.
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Policy of multiculturalismMulticulturalism enouraged people to express their cultures and in doing so, would de-emphasize the French as the only cultural group in Canada.
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Bill 22This made French the only language of Quebec. (Not bilingual like the rest of Canada.) Rationale: declining birth rates in Quebec saw the slow death of Fr. Can.
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Parti QuebecoisAlongside his Parti Quebecois
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Bill 101similar to Bill 22 but also requires all signage to change to French in Quebec, all gov't offices, schools... Every where. This party was led by Renée Levsque who promised separation by holding a provincial referendum.
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Family sponsorshipFamilies and businesses could "vouch for" or sponsor a new immigrant, meaning they would take responsibility for the new person's set up in Canada so they would need Welfare services.
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Bill 101AKA: Charter of the French Language. This made French the only language of Quebec. But many French Canadians felt Bill 101 was a symbol of oppression as it discouraged their movement outside Quebec and their ability to conduct business with English Canada
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Quebec referendumRené Levesque asked ppl of Quebec to vote 'yes' to negotiating a new agreement with Canada based on Sovreignity-association. He proposed that quebec become politcally independent, yet maintain a close economic relationship with Canada. Referendum results: 40% say yes 60% no
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Why they refusedBackground: BNA Act in Britain and Trudeau wanted to have the Charter of Right and Freedoms added to it and bring it home. First he needed to come up with an Amending Formula if there were any changes to be made. Unfortunately the Premiers could not agree on that formula. They stumbled on a Kitchen Compromise but Quebec didn't agree.
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Reform PartyPM Brian Mulrony wanted Quebec's signature on the constitution with "honour" and enthusiasm. Reform Party is born out of: Western Alienation, Senate reform, Fr-Eng Rift, Aboriginal Self Gov't.
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Bloc QuebecoisMeech Lake AccordPM Mulroney calls a conference at Meech Lake proposing constitutional amendments. Purpose was to recognize Quebec as a Distinct Society and give more power to the provinces. Meech Lake Accord became known as the Quebec Round in the media. When Meech failed, Fr-Can felt Eng-spkg Canada was rejecting them. Lucien Bouchard resigns from Mulroney's cabinet and forms the Bloc Quebecois.
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Multiculturalism in CanadaBelief in the Canadian "Mosaic". US believes in the "Melting Pot". Discouraged assimilation but encouraged expressing your culture.
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Parti QuebecoisParti QuebecoisCharlottetown AccordPM Mulroney continued the constitution debates. Chalottetown Accord proposed reforming the senate, aboriginal self gov't, universal helathcare, workers rights, and environmental protection called it the Canada Round because there was something for every province. 54.5% of Canadians rejected Charlottetown because there were too many clauses. Quebec felt their issues were not addressed.
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Quebec referendumQuebec is angered by constitution debates and re-elects Parti Quebecois leader Jacques Parizeau. He calls a referendum on full sovereignity 49.4% Qubecois vote yes 50.6% vote no.
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Clarity ActPM Chretien sent the issue of Quebec separation to the Supreme Court (1998). Courts rule that Quebec don't have the right to separate and would have to negotiate with 9 other provinces.
