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The independence of Latin America was the historical process of the
rebellion of its inhabitants against Spanish colonial rule and the formation of
independent national states. -
Economic.
The Bourbon reforms drowned the economy of the
colonies by preventing intraregional trade and imposing excessive
taxation. -
Quito was to be the first in the history of
Spanish America to proclaim, on August 10, 1809, a government of its own,
not appointed by the Crown -
The Spanish authorities fiercely repressed the first of the cities to form a
Sovereign Junta. They tried to prevent the contagion. -
François Dominique Toussaint-Louverture took charge of a slave revolt on
the French side of the island of Hispaniola and led it between 1793 and 1802. -
The priest Miguel Hidalgo was placed in front of the Indians and
peasants and launched, as we saw, the "cry of independence" in the
town of Dolores. -
Chiapas, Soconusco, El Salvador,
Honduras, Nicaragua, Los Altos, and Costa Rica) declared its independence
from the Spanish Crown (15-09-1821) and, shortly after, annexed Mexico to
defend itself better from Spain -
José Martí organizes the Cuban Revolutionary Party and looks for the old leaders of the revolution, unifies the different currents, builds a small army, and disembarks in Cuba.
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On September 23, 1868, the scream of Lares, of independence against
Spain, was produced. -
When Napoleon invaded Portugal, Juan VI took refuge in Brazil (1807) and
later promoted a legal reform (1815) by declaring Brazil as the territorial base
of the Empire of Brazil, Portugal, and the Algarve. -
When Fernando VII returned to the throne in 1814, patriotic military campaigns subsisted in Venezuela and the Río de la Plata. In the first, Simón Bolívar -Member of the Caraqueña boards of 1811- was named new military leader.
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Morillo soon resumed control of Venezuela and New Granada. But, in 1817,
Bolívar, Piar, Páez, and other Venezuelan leaders reactivated the war. Bolivar
faced and defeated Morillo in Calabozo, in 1818. -
Let us remember how the independence of Guayaquil was proclaimed (9-10-1820), the arrival of the patriot army commanded by Antonio José de Sucre, and its triumph in Pichincha (24-05-1822), which culminated the independence of the Great Colombia.
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The first Junta de Buenos Aires (25-051810) organized three military campaigns to subdue the Spanish forces in the interior, but they were not successful. However, a revolution spontaneously broke out in Asuncion (14-05-1811), and the resulting government-held independent. This is how the Republic of Paraguay was created.
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San Martin was not discouraged and decided to continue with his plans, only now he first had to liberate Chile. For that he spent years making weapons, bullets and all kinds of equipment, and organizing
the Army of the Andes. -
The priest Miguel Hidalgo was placed in front of the Indians and peasants and launched, as we saw, the "cry of independence" in the town of Dolores.
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In their meetings in Guayaquil (26 and 27- 07-1822), Bolivar, liberator, and
president of Gran Colombia, and San Martín, protector of Peru, talked about what
was missing to complete the freedom of America -
In 1823, Bolívar was authorized by the Congress of the Gran Colombia to take command of an expedition to Peru. In September of that year
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- To quell: To extinguish or to dominate a thing that extends or
develops, especially a fire. - Precipitate: Something that is done in a hurry.
- Skirmish: Combat of little importance.
- To quell: To extinguish or to dominate a thing that extends or
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Ben / bow down: Make someone give up on one purpose and lend
to another.
5. Accouterments: additional items of dress or equipment.
