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Religiously
Spain and Rome got a stranglehold over education in the Concordat because of the Catholic Church. -
Period: to
'Spanish History - pre Civil War'
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Militarily
Spanish-American War began. The war ended at 12 August 1898. Cuban people won their in dependence.The last remnant of the Spanish Empired after the loss of Cuba. -
Socially
The army fired on protestors because of the problems of poverty. In ‘Tragic Week’ . -
Spain was a constitutional monarchy headed.
Spain had an inefficient and corrupt government. Regionally, Catalonia and the Basque region wanted independence. -
This defeat blowed Spainish pride.
When a Spanish army tried putting down a rebellion, it was massacred to Morocco. -
General Primo de Rivera
General Primo de Rivera took control of Spain. He was to rule until 1930. -
Rivera ended the war in Morocco
He also introduced public works schemes – roads, railways, irrigation schemes and Industrial production increased by threefold. -
The Depression hit Spain hard
Agricultural prices plummeted, Industrial production collapsed by up to 50%, Unemployment skyrocketed. -
Rivera had to resign.
Rivera had to resign as government leader because the army withdrew its support. -
Elections were held
Republicans won all the major cities in Spain. Spain becomes a Republic. The government was split between Left and Right Wing Republicans – the former wanted rapid social reform to appeal to the working classes; the latter wanted more moderate change to reduce the opposition of the Church, landowners and military. -
Reforms
Regions: Catalonia received some self-government. The Church: Jesuits expelled. RE in schools banned; divorce allowed. The Army: Many army officers were made to retire early on half pay. The economy: The huge estates in Spain were nationalised. These reforms Republican government angered the military, industrialists, landowners, the Catholic Church -
Jose Antonio de Rivera
the military, industrialists, landowners, the Catholic Church. These four powerful bodies looked towards the Fascists for help against their Left-Wing government, and a new Spanish Fascist party was formed under primo’s son, Jose Antonio de Rivera. -
The coup
General Sanjuro led an army coup to overthrow the government. The military coup was unsuccessful as the army remained loyal to the government. -
Republic offends the Right
Both of the anarchists and syndicalists wanted the overthrow of capitalism, because they felt that Azana’s government was too moderate. -
The extreme left organised strikes and riots in an effort to destabilise the government of Azana.
25 people were killed by government troops who were attempting to catch some anarchists. This lost the government a great deal of support among the working class and the socialists withdrew their support from the government. -
Azana resigned as prime minister.
CEDA won a majority of support and formed a government led by Gil Robles which held power for what the Left called ‘Two Black Years’. The Left-Wing parties joined together to form the Popular Front. They organised strikes, riots and vandalism. -
Spain was heading towards chaos.
Coal miners in the Asturias sparked off a general strike but this was ruthlessly put down by the army lead by General Franco. The Catalans had their privileges withdrawn and turned against the government. -
A general election was called to restore order.
The Left-Wing popular Front coalition won and Azana once again became prime minister. Public disturbances occurred soon started spiralling the country out of control. -
A leading right wing politician, Sotelo, was murdered.
The right wing politicians argued they were in serious danger of a communist takeover. They began to favour the idea of a military dictatorship, perhaps led by General Mola. -
The Civil war had begun.
General Franco assumed control of the military, seized control of Spanish Morocco and crossed over into mainland Spain to take over the government.
