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Jan 1, 1517
Martin Luther Publishes Ninety-Five These
This was one of the first events in the Protestant reformation. Had there been no reformation, there would not have been the religious tensions in Europe. The main reason why the Stuart Kings warred was because of religious conflicts they needed funds for war. Without the Scottish religious conflicts in 1640, Charles I would never have called Parliament. Perhaps then it would have remained absolved and Charles would have attained absolutism. image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:95Thesen.j -
Coronation of James I
James succeeded Elizabet, as she died childless. He didn’t want Parliament to have the power it had had under Elizabeth so he instead imposed impositions to gain funds. Parliament disliked this, but avoided a dramatic confrontation, instead using wrangling negotiations. Elizabeth did not try to dramatically limit Parlaiment's power. This change in policy angered Parliament members. This began the tug of war era between Parliament and the Stuart Kings. image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles -
Charles I Absolves Parliament
Charles I absolved Parliament, believing in the divine right of an all-powerful king. He made changes to adapt to a country without a Parliament until his religious policies prevoked a war in Scotland. He needed funds and was forced to call Parliament. Charles was set against it but realized that he needed it. The showed the monarchy's dependance on Parliament. This made it difficult for absolutism in oncoming years. Image from http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/siege/civil-unrest.shtml -
Parliament Votes to Assemble An Army Against Charles I
Charles I bagan to raise an army against Parliament, who responded by passing the Militia Ordinance, which allowed them to raise an army of their own. This showed that Parliament was willing to go to war for their rights. This showed their strengh, telling Charles that they would not be defeated easily. This strong Parliamentary action continued, making is difficult for the kings to ignore. image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cromwell_at_Dunbar_Andrew_Carrick_Gow.jpg -
Charles II Recognized As King
Oliver Cromwell's military dictatorship was just as unsuccessful as Charles I's reign. The country was again going trough a difficult time. When the monarchy was re-established, so was Parliament, with the same terms as had been used in the Elizabethan era. The country needed stability, both a king and Parliament were put in place, it showed that this would be the method to achieve stability. Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_II_of_England.jp -
Passing of the Test Act
Made it impossible for Catholics to have positions in the governement by having each official swear off transubstantiation, which no true Roman Catholic could do. This showed defiance for Charles II's policy of religious toleration. image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_Act -
Glorious Revolution
Parliament overthrew King James II led by William III of Orange-Nassau. James II was the last monarchy that had total power over England without a Parliament, also ending the reign of Catholics. This gave Parliament a permanent place in England, laws were written and the government was re-created aroung Parliament. image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_III_of_England.jpg
