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In 1608, Samuel de Champlain officially founds the city of Quebec.
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In 1663, Louis the fourteenth turned New France into a royal colony and set up a colonial government to act on his behalf.
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In the Great Peace of Montreal, 40 aboriginal nations agreed to consider the king of France their father and allowed the governor general to resolve their disputes and help France in wars.
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Countries or nations are fighting in Europe which leads to war, which means that the colonies are at war as well because their mother country is at war.
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The Conquest entailed a change of empire from French to English. It also transformed the social part of the colony, a large number of British people started immigrating.
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After Quebec capitulates, the colony is under the British military rule until the 7-year war ends. The colony was under British Military rule from 1760 to 1763.
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After Quebec capitulates, the colony comes under British military rule until the 7-year war ends. The King needed something to control the French population so he created the Royal Proclamation.
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The British government feared that the French will join the 13 colonies rebellion so to guarantee the Canadians loyalty they created this act.
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The Constitutional Act allowed the colony to create political institutions similar to those in Great Britain.
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From 1812-1815, the Catholic clergy encouraged the Canadian population to form militia and fight with the British forces to defend the colony against American invasion.
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The cause for the rebellions in Upper Canada was that they wanted a Responsible government, reducing the power of values of traditionalism and conservatism and a stronger voice for Elected Assembly. For Lower Canada, in 1832, immigrant ships brought over the disease cholera which killed 5500. In1836, the crops failed, Canadians faced starvation. Finally, in 1837, the economic depression where the English merchants were blamed. All these aspects caused the Rebellions of 1837-1838.
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The Act of Union combined the old upper and lower Canadas and combined them to become the Province of Cannada. One of the major results of the Act of Union is the addition of responsible government.
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After the Act of Union was passed in 1840 and protectionist policies were abandoned in 1846, the British parliament granted a responsible government to the Parliament of Canada in 1848.
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In 1867, at the London conference, a new self-governing entity was created under the British North America Act. With the BNA Act, Canada became a federation.
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The labor movement started in Quebec in the 19th century. The first unions were poorly organized because they were illegal. But once they were legalized in 1872, unions pressured the State to obtain laws favourable for workers. Unions had representatives as candidates for the general elections but very few were actually elected.
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From 1899 to 1902, Great Britain was at war with the Boers in South Africa. English Canadian imperialists wanted to send troops but Nationalists were opposed to this idea. The Prime Minister at the time Wilfrid Laurier decided to let Canadians participate without consulting the House of Commons.
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In 1914, the War measure act was passed which centralized all powers with the Federal Government. Quebec and Ontario were upset because taxes were imposed by the Federal government to finance the war which is still in place today.
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In 1917, the Conscription crisis where French Nationalist (like Henri Bourassa) criticized Canada’s involvement in the United Kingdom wars and voted against conscription. 40 000 French canadians refused to show up.
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The first feminist movements fought for women's right to vote. Women given the right to vote by the federal government in 1918; however women could only vote provincially in 1940.
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The Statute of Westminster was a British law clarifying the powers of Canada's Parliament. It granted the former colony full legal freedom except in the areas where they chose to stay minor to Britain.
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During World War 2 from 1939 to 1945, the conscription crisis of 1917 repeated. The federal government imposed conscription once again. This was majorly accepted by the majority of Canadians except in Quebec where 85% of Francophones were opposed to conscription.
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The Quiet Revolution was driven by the cultural and political assertion of Quebecers and the desire for a government with a more interventionist role. Jean Lesage was a lawyer and a federal politician for 4 terms in the Federal Parliament with the Liberals and later ran for head of the Quebec Liberal Party when the Conservatives ousted Mackenzie King's’ federal Liberals in 1958.
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In 1976, a sovereigntist parti called the Parti québécois which was lead by René Lévesque was elected.
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If the Referendum on Sovereignty-Association (Rene Levesque's PQ) passed Quebec would still keep the economic benefits of being part of Canada but it would be a politically independent nation. But no side won with around 60% of the vote.
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The vote for the referendum on Sovereignty was for a completely independent Quebec. No side won with 50.6% of the vote.
