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Period: 1509 to 1547
King Henri VIII
At the age of 17 he became the king of England, and it was under his reign that the Church of England got separated from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534 -
Period: 1509 to
The early period
1509 : The reign of the King Henri VIII
1707: The union between Scotland and England -
1517
Martin luther: The start of the European Reformation
Luther was a protestant reformer who was against the indulgences of the Pope so he wrote the famous book: The Ninety-Five theses; a text where he denounces the scandals of the Church of his era that ended up by marking the start of the European Reformation -
1526
The Tyndale Bible
The Tydale Bible was the first English Bible to be translated from the New Testament by William Tyndale. -
1527
18 years of marriage
Henry VIII was married to Catherine of Aragon but after 18 years he wanted to divorce her for three reasons:
-she was not able to give a son, they only had a daughter, Mary Tudor
-she supported the Habsburgs when he wanted an allience with France
-he was in love with another women, Anne Boleyn -
1533
The break with Rome
The Act of Restraint of Appeals gave the king the legal power to annual marriage, which he applied by marrying Anne Boleyn to then make her a legitimate queen
one year later, in 1534, act of supermarcy has made from the king the "supreme head of the church of england"
=> all that above has led england to break from roman catholic and creat the schism -
1547
The Henrian reformation
At the time Henry VIII died, the church of england was schismatic but not pentirely protestant: catholisicm without the pope -
Period: 1547 to 1553
the young king: Edward VI
Edward VI was the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, he was 9 when his father died hence his uncle who became the lord protector. During his reign, England was pushed into Protestanism.
By the time he died at the age of 15 because of tuberculosis, the country was bankrupt -
1549
Protestant measures under Edward VI
The revision of Edward VI of the mass-book, has led him to publish the Book of Common Prayer
Under his reign, Roman Catholic practices were eliminated and the marriage of clergy was allowed -
1553
The Catholic Restoration
In just 18 months, Mary I was able to restore Catholicism and cancel the Protestant legislation. She was even married to the king of Spain, Philip II who was very Catholic -
Period: 1553 to 1558
The First Queen of England
Mary I was the daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, she was 37 years old when she became the very first Queen of England, she was ill when she passed away and her death was greeted by the population and even her husband. But before she took her last breath, she had asked her heir, Elizabeth to swear that she would carry on with the catholic reforms -
1555
"Bloody Mary"
Under her reign, over 200 protestants were burnt alive and other were forced to leave the county to the rest of Europe, protestantism was kept silence as heretics were burned between 1555 and 1558 -
1558
The religious settlement of Elizabeth I
The queen Elizabeth I have stabilished the Church of England by giving it principles that stil exist today which is the religious settlement as she also returned to protestantism but with a compromise which is The new church of England or The Angelican Church -
Period: 1558 to
The Elizabethan settlement
The Queen Elizabeth I was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn and she was the third heir of her fatherThe Queen have went through many difficulties during her reign she was able to overcome -
1570
The excommunication of Elizabeth I
Pope Pius V issued the Regnans in Excelsis, which declared Elizabeth I to be excommunicate, and almost gave the right to catholics to kill her -
The execution of Mary Queen of Scots
Mary Queen of Scots or Mary Stuart was the daughter of King James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise and she was the cousin of Elizabeth I. She had to flee to England because of the civil war, but as she was Catholic, Elizabeth decided to imprison her for 19 years because for Catholics she was the legitimate heir and many plots were placed to replace their positions. In 1587, she was executed wearing a red dress representing the colour of Catholic martyrs -
The spanish Armada
The Catholic King of Spain decided to invade England after Elizabeth I supported the Durtch revolt against his county, which was a complete defeat for him when England ended up being victorious -
The virgin Queen
The queen was an unmarried women, but she had a love affair with Robert Dudley who was married at the time, but when his wife has died, he became suspected and couldn't marry the queen, and because of this scandal she decided to not have any serious relationships and just diplomatical ones. As a result of that, she didn't have children, her heir was then the son of Mary Queen of Scots, James VI of Scotland who became James I of England -
Period: to
James I reign
The son of Mary Queen of Scots and he was proclamed king of Scotland in 1567 under the name of James VI then the king of England in 1603 after Elizabeth I's death.
He passed away from his disease with his son Charles I by his side and he was a strong believer in the divine rights of kings -
The Gunpowder plot
When a small group of Catholics were assembled to blow up parliament and kill James l because he continued Elizabeth's laws instead of restauring his mother's Queen Mary -
The king James' Bible
A new english translation of the bible completed in 1611 by the king James I -
Period: to
Charles I's reign
He was the son of James I and was married to the Catholic French princess Henrietta Maria. He wished to restore the traditional ceremonies and favored The Arminians. His life ended when he got executed. -
the grand remonstrance
an important document that summarized all the wrong doing of Charles I voted by Parliament after heated debates and concluded on “revolutionary” demands: -
War on parliament
Charles I declared war on parliament after that he believed that John Pym and 4 other memebers of parliament were plotting against the Queen Henrietta Maria -
From Monarchy to Republic
After the execution of the King Charles I, the Monarchy and the House of Lords was abolished and England was declared a Republic. -
Period: to
The Commonwealth
A commonwealth refers to a county governed by its people without a king. After the abolition of monarchy and the house of lords, the house of commons took the authority and England was declared a Commonwealth and ruled as a Republic -
Period: to
the interregnum
The Interregnum is a period between 2 reigns and 2 kings. In England, the interregnum was between the execution of King Charles I and the arrival of his son King Charles II -
The instrument of government
England's 1st and only written constitution -
Period: to
The Cromwellian protectorate
The Protectorate was a military dictatorship which was similar to a monarchy without a King and was ruled by Oliver Cromwell who was a Lord General and Lord Protector (1653-1658) -
The Restoration
After the death of Cromwell in 1658, Charles ll, the son of Charles l appeared again with promises to the parliamant in return to restaure the monarchy -
The outbreak of plague
The cause of this plague was mice that carried fleas and were attracted by city streets filled with garbage and waste, especially in the poorest areas. To transfer it to the population and lead to death 68,596 inhabitants. -
The Great fire of London
A devastating fire swept through London, destroying 13,200 houses, 87 parish churches, The Royal Exchange, Guildhall and St. Paul's Cathedral. It may have been caused by a spark from the french bakery Thomas Farriner oven falling onto a pile of fuel nearby -
The Glorious Revolution
James ll's son in law, William of Orange, took the throne from the king after the invitation of Parliament to restaure protestantism and became King William lll -
The Bill of rights
An act wrote by Parliament of England, it established basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown, it sets out the rights of parliament and is seen as a crucial landmark in English constitutional law. -
Act of union between England and Scotland
Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain: England (and Wales) and Scotland under the reign of Queen Anne who ratificated the Act of Union
