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Like most things in history, it all ends up stemming back to Napoleon.
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On August 22nd, 1791 a slave rebellion in the French colony of Haiti led by Toussaint Louverture ended up being the crucial move that would spark a series of revolutions and rebellions all across Latin America
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All seems well in Haiti, as all slaves are free and mulattos are declared to have the right to vote.
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Napoleon (in an attempt to hype his own name up more) sends his troops to the island of Haiti to try and put down the rebellion. This ends up backfiring, and though Toussaint is killed, a new leader in Jacques Dessalines emerges and leads too...
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Haiti, under the rule of Dessalines ends up finally declaring Haiti as its own independent country, no deals with France, simply its own nation. The newfound rights for mulattos and creoles inspired many other revolts
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After Napoleon invades Portugal, the Portuguese monarchy ends up freeing to the colony of Brazil.
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Napoleon's conquest of Spain led to the overthrow of the Spanish Monarchy, and the installation of a new, Napoleon backed rule over Spain. This would enrage many already upset Creoles/Mulattos in Latin America, who felt no loyalty to the new rule.
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Padre Miguel Hidalgo rings his local Church's bells and calls for the rebellion against the Spanish (grito de Dolores) He and 80,000 members of his rag tag army march to Mexico City
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After Hidalgo and his army ended up being defeated by Spanish forces in 1811, Jose Maria Morelos ended up taking charge of the army for 4 years, only to be defeated by Agustin De Iturbide
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In 1811, Venezuela ended up revolting against Spain, declaring itself as its own country. A volunteer army led by Simón Bolivar ended up taking extremely heavy losses
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In 1816, José de San Martín took charge of Argentinian forces and also declared independence. Martin would go on to march across the Andes into Chile and free the country, he would then go on to meet with Bolivar sooner than later.
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In 1821, in an attempt to win back the city of Lima, Peru, Bolivar and San Martin end up combining forces.
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After a new liberal party was installed, the terrified Mexican Creoles ended up revolting from Spain once more, installing Agustin de Iturbide into their leadership role. In 1821, Mexican independence is proclaimed.
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The period in time where in which Several Central American countries would end up gaining their independence from the already free colony of Mexico. The leader of Mexico at the time, Iturbide, did not allow these countries to leave the Mexican union and was shortly overthrown.
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Venezuela, under the military command of Bolivar, end up leading a successful rebound campaign against Spanish troops into Colombia with 2000 troops, Bolivar would end up taking the city of Bogota and kicked the remaining forces out of the country. Venezuela was now free, and it was time for Bolivar to meet up with San Martin.
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In 1821, 6 years after Napoleon was defeated, the portuguese royal family returns back to Portugal. Creoles demanded independence from the country, with Dom Pedro (King John's Son) as the head of their country. King John obliges, and Brazil is free!
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The final major military success of the two generals in the war for Latin American Independence. The Battle of Ayacucho landed in the Latin Americans favor, and with that South America had been freed.