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Napoleon invades SPain and puts his brother, Jospeh Bonaparte, on the thrown. With no Spanish government, Latin America looked after itself and the local government should now be set up on behalf of the deposed Spanish king.
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ChuiquisakaChuquisaka's ( capital of Bolivia) governors of the university defied Spanish auhtorities by proclaiming their loyality to Ferdinand VII
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In Quito ( the capital of Ecuador) patriots rose for independence.
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Venezuelan officers expel Spanish govenor from Carcas and form a junta to run the province.
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A regional government takes over in Buenos Aires on behalf of Ferdinand VII
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Father Hidalgo along with the other leaders of the conspiracy got word that they were found out. Hidalgo rang the church bells to sound the alarm to the locals. He announced his intention to strike for independence and asked the people to join him. Within minutes 600 men were assembled as his army.
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First attempt at rebellion in Mexico. It was unsuccessful
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The Mexico ReaderFather Hidalgo and General Allende reached the city of Guanajuato where the Spanish and royalist forces had barricaded themselves inside the public granary. The battle was horrific and the 500 Spaniards were slaughtered.
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Father Hidalgo and Allende with a 80,000 men army continued to Mexcio City. On Monte de las Cruces, Hidalgo and Allende’s army clashed with general Torcuato Trujillo’s army of 1000 men, 400 horsemen, and 2 canons. Even though the rebels had won, Hidalgo retreated against Allende.
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Paraguay expels Spanish governor and declares independence
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Sick and tired of Hidalgo, Allende placed him under arrest. After journeying north they were both betrayed and captured. All the rebel leaders were found guilty and sentenced to death ( except Mariano Abasolo). Allende and some others were executed on the 26th, while Hidalgo was executed four days later. Life of Father Miguel Hidalgo
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Video O’Higgins, Carrera and other patriot generals chased the royalist army out of Chillan. They laid siege to the city in the middle of winter. The patriots couldn’t dislodge the royalists and when they got somewhat into the city, they pillaged.
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Spanish General Mariano Osorio wanted to take Santiago and end the rebellion. The rebels stood outside Rancagua on the way to the capital. O’Higgins moved his men into the city to reinforce Juan Jose. The royalists forced the rebels out of the city. Santiago had to be abandoned.
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Formal independence of Argentina
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San Martin wanted to liberate the Chilean people. He asked for the help of O’Higgins. The Army of Andes defeated the royalists clearing a path to Santiago.
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San Martin defeated the Spanish loyalists and Chile gained independence.
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Most of the Spanish and royalists forces retreated to try and defend Peru, which was the last Spanish stronghold in South America.
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VideoSpain recognizes independence of Mexico in the treaty of Cordoba
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Life of O'HigginsO’Higgins was left in power and was an authoritarian ruler. He pick a Senate and the Constitution allowed for representatives to be elected to a legislative body.
