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The Great Migration
(January 1st not exact date)
The Great Migration was when Europeans emigrated to British North America. Poverty and food shortages forced the emigrations to start. People also came from Netherlands, Germany, and Ireland. The Irish came because of the Potato Famine. -
Industry-Canada East
Montreal was the most industrialized city for the next 100 years. They mostly used the St. Lawrence River. They used the water to turn it into steam. Workers were recent immigrants, poor, uneducated, had low wages, many workers were woman and children. -
Act Of Union
The Act Of Union brought Canada West and Canada East together. The new province was called the Canadas. There were some troubles, mostly because of religion and beliefs, but Canada West and East ended up coming together and now were going to try to unite the BNA colonies. -
Britain's repeal to the Corn laws
Britain's corn laws governed the import and export of grain. When these laws were no longer in place, British North America lost it's price advantage on the United States. American producers started to get a larger share of the market. -
Free Trade
Free trade is trade without duties or tariffs. Britain changed to this in the 1850s. Now all imported goods were free of tariffs. BNA sales started to decline because of United States taking over market. -
Crimean War
The Crimean War was a war between Britain and Russia. Britain began to withdraw BNA troops to help fight Russia. BNA was left defenceless and afraid that the United States may try to invade BNA. -
Reciprocity Treaty
BNA and United States signed a treaty that allows free trade of natural products. There was a mutual reduction of tariffs. Also British North American trade increased. -
Manifest Destiny
The American Cival War was when the North fought the South against slavery. Britain supported the South during this war. North wanted to get revenge on Britain. The North considered starting a war between Britain, which BNA would be draged into. United States believed that it was their duty to take over North America. -
Charlottetown Conference
The Maritime colonies discussed uniting once again. The Canadas were also present. The Canadas met with representatives from P.E.I, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. The Canadas got them to consider a union with the Canadas. They succeeded and the conference agreed to join the colonies together. They also discussed of a future meeting. -
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Charlottetown Conference
The Maritimes discussed the union of the Maritimes. The Canadas were also present. The Canadas met with representatives from P.E.I, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. Tried to convince them to unite with the Canadas. The Canadas sucseeded and the Maritimes agreed to join the Canadas. -
Quebec Conference
All the colonies of BNA, except British Columbia, were present. They had agreed to the joining of the colonies. Met for three weeks in order to generate a list of how the country would work. These were called the Quebec Resoulutions. The Quebec Resoulutions: a federal constitution, different levels of government were responsible for different things, balance between equal representation and representation by population, balance between elected and appointed representatives. -
United States backs out
The United States decided that they wanted to back out of Reciprocity Treaty. They thought that BNA was benefiting more from treaty. They were also upset that Britain supported the South during the Civil War (wanted revenge). -
Fenian Raids
The Fenians were an Irish nationalist organization that encouraged revolutionary activity to overthrow British rule in Ireland. Fenians attempted to invade BNA few times, but caused the death of Thomas D'Arcy McGee. -
London Conference
This conference was attended by Canada East, Canada West, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. They discussed the future of the colonies with British officials. Britian agreed that Canada would become a self-governing dominion. -
Confederation
The Dominion of Canada included Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. Ottawa was chosen as the capital and parliment was licated there. Fetures of Canada's new government: a federal system, bilingual features, balence of representation by population and equal representaion, balence between appointed and elected representatives.
