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Henry VIII became the Supreme Head of the Church of England : it's the Schism
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Catholics stopped the monasteries dissolutions
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Mary I re-installed catholicism and 200 protestants went to the stake. It caused the Marian Exiles (protestants fleeing the country).
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Elizabeth I became supreme Governor of the Church of England and abolished the authority of the Pope
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These articles established a new eclesiology, a new doctrine of salvation and a new definition of mass : it's still in use nowadays
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The Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth I and said he doesn't consider her the Queen of England.
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Elizabeth's cousin Mary Stuart plotted against her to kill her take the throne
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She was executed in a red martyr dress -
England won sea war against the Spanish Armada, thanks to new ships and new stategies. The Queen pronounced the Tilbury speech to motivate the troops : this speech made her a legitmate queen. -
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Catholics plotted to blow up parliament and kill the king.
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Jamestow, Virginia became the frst british permanent settlement.
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The king would receive a fix sum, so there would be no more debts. But fearing the king's independance, parliament voted no, and the king dissolved it.
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James asked the parliament for money to finance an army. The parliament refused, and James dissolved it again.
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The members of parliament decided that anyone trying to bring catholicism in the Church of England was an enemy : Charles dissolved parliament in reaction.
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Charles II spent 11 years without calling parliament.
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Seeing the New book of Prayer, Scottish (who were presbyterian) started to riot.
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Charles called parliament, because he wanted money to fight the Scottish. It refused, and was dissolved 3 weeks later.
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Scots invaded England, and the king had to pay the cost of the Scottish Army
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Charles had to call it after the loss against Scotland. The MPs had grievance, and passed 2 acts saying that parliament can't be dissolved without its consent fo example.
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Irish catholic rebels started to rose up against protestants who came to take their lands. 3000/4000 protestants died.
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After the vote of "The Grand Remontrance" (which exposed all the wrongs of the king), parliament divided in 2 sides : the parliamentarians and the Royalists (on the King's side). Not liking this vote, Charles II marched into parliament and declared war to the parlamentarians
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This war was won by the Parliamentarians, thanks to the New Model Army. Royalists got their forces weaken during the Battle of Naseby (06/1645).
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A serie of revolts burst in England and Scotland. Royalists were defeated.
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Commonwealth = Republic
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Cromwell and his army defeated Irish rebellions, as well as the Scottish who were trying to invade England.
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Charles was trialed for high treason, and was decapitated. -
The Rump Parliament got dissolved because it became unpopular.
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Cromwell became Lord protector (executive power + military) and MPs got elected. It ended when Cromwell died in 1658. It led to a period of anarchy.
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Charles II becomes king of England.
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Parliament tried to exclude Charles' brother, James II, from the succession, since he was catholic.
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James II's wife gave birth to a son, giving James a catholic heir. William, his son in law, decided to invade England, and to take the throne.
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Fixed limitations on the sovereign's power, and set out the rights of Parliament.
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It settled the order of protestant succession.
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It's the creation of Great Britain.
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She is the last Stuart monarch
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He is the first king of the Hanoverian House
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during this war against spain and france, England gained California and most parts of Canada.
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In 1776, the Declaration of Independance was drafted, and after 7 years of war, the Treaty of Paris was signed, and America became independant.
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By this time, Britain had become an empire, with colonies in North America, and West Indies
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Irish tried to rise up against England in 1798. It was stopped, and it led to the 1801 Act of Union. It's the creation of the United Kingdom.