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Charles recalls Parliament; Parliament draws up the Petition of Right which Charles reluctantly accepts
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Charles dismisses Parliament thus commencing the Personal Rule
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Bishops' Wars start in Scotland
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Outbreak of the Irish Rebellion
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On the orders of the Long Parliament, Sir John Hotham, 1st Baronet seizes the arsenal at Kingston upon Hull
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Parliament appoints the Committee of Safety
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Henrietta Maria goes to the Netherlands with Princess Mary and the crown jewels
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Long Parliament proclaims that "the People are bound by the Ordinance for the Militia, though it has not received the Royal Assent"
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The Scots marched South and joined Parliament's army threatening York.
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Creation of the New Model Army
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Pride's Purge, when troops under Colonel Thomas Pride removed opponents of Oliver Cromwell from Parliament by force of arms resulting in Rump Parliament
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The trial of Charles I of England by the High Court of Justice begins
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Charles I of England executed by beheading – the Rump Parliament passes Act prohibiting the proclaiming any person to be King of England or Ireland
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Charles II landed in Normandy, France, after successfully fleeing England
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Period: to
The Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell
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Period: to
The Protectorate under Richard Cromwell
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Death of Oliver Cromwell
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Richard Cromwell delivered a formal letter resigning the position of Lord Protector
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Richard Cromwell left England for the Kingdom of France where he went by a variety of pseudonyms, including "John Clarke"
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English Restoration and the return of King Charles II proclaimed King of England
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Charles II arrives in London and the English monarchy is restored
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On the 12th anniversary of the beheading of Charles I, the exhumed remains of Oliver Cromwell were posthumously executed (Cromwell's severed head was displayed on a pole outside Westminster Hall until 1685)
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Coronation of Charles II at Westminster Abbey
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Period: to
Glorious Revolution of William and Mary of Orange take the English throne
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Signing of the English Bill of Rights
