Charles recalls Parliament; Parliament draws up the Petition of Right which Charles reluctantly accepts
Charles dismisses Parliament thus commencing the Personal Rule
Bishops' Wars start in Scotland
Outbreak of the Irish Rebellion
On the orders of the Long Parliament, Sir John Hotham, 1st Baronet seizes the arsenal at Kingston upon Hull
Parliament appoints the Committee of Safety
Henrietta Maria goes to the Netherlands with Princess Mary and the crown jewels
Long Parliament proclaims that "the People are bound by the Ordinance for the Militia, though it has not received the Royal Assent"
The Scots marched South and joined Parliament's army threatening York.
Creation of the New Model Army
Pride's Purge, when troops under Colonel Thomas Pride removed opponents of Oliver Cromwell from Parliament by force of arms resulting in Rump Parliament
The trial of Charles I of England by the High Court of Justice begins
Charles I of England executed by beheading – the Rump Parliament passes Act prohibiting the proclaiming any person to be King of England or Ireland
Charles II landed in Normandy, France, after successfully fleeing England
Period: to
The Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell
Period: to
The Protectorate under Richard Cromwell
Death of Oliver Cromwell
Richard Cromwell delivered a formal letter resigning the position of Lord Protector
Richard Cromwell left England for the Kingdom of France where he went by a variety of pseudonyms, including "John Clarke"
English Restoration and the return of King Charles II proclaimed King of England
Charles II arrives in London and the English monarchy is restored
On the 12th anniversary of the beheading of Charles I, the exhumed remains of Oliver Cromwell were posthumously executed (Cromwell's severed head was displayed on a pole outside Westminster Hall until 1685)
Coronation of Charles II at Westminster Abbey
Period: to
Glorious Revolution of William and Mary of Orange take the English throne
