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King Charles I summons the Short Parliament, bringing his eleven-year Personal Rule to an end.
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The Treaty of Ripon ends the Bishops' Wars.
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The Grand Remonstrance presented to King Charles at Hampton Court
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The King fails in his attempt to arrest the Five Members regarded as his leading opponents in Parliament.
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King Charles raises the royal standard at Nottingham Castle. King and Parliament now at war.
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Battle of Edgehill: the Earl of Essex fails to prevent the Royalists advancing on London.
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Battle of Adwalton Moor: The Earl of Newcastle defeats Lord Fairfax to secure most of Yorkshire for the King.
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Oliver Cromwell presents his complaints against the leadership of the Earl of Manchester in the House of Commons.
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Battle of Naseby: the New Model Army inflicts a crushing defeat on the King's army.
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Battle of Langport
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Battle of Kilsyth
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Battle of Philiphaugh
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Battle of Torrington
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King Charles surrenders to the Covenanter army at Newark.