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Queen Elizabeth of England passes away
Queen Elizabeth I died at Richmond Palace aged 69 bringing the rule of the Tudor dynasty to an end. Elizabeth I had reined for 44 years and her reign was known as “The Golden Age”. She was the longest reigning Tudor monarch. The people of England knew no other way of life than with Elizabeth. As the Queen had wished, there was no post mortem. Her body was embalmed, and placed in a lead coffin. -
James I becomes King of England
James I was a descendant of the Tudors but the first Staurt to take the throne. James supported the "devine right of kings" and had very little intentions of helping all citizens of England. James I was burdened with Elizabeths debt. During James I reign, the Puritans were seeking to "purify" the Anglican church established by Queen Elizabeth I. He stated "No bishop, no King" because the bishops greatly supported the monarchy, wich agreed with his belief of "the divine right of the king". -
Charles I beomes King of England
Charles I was thought of as being "sympathetic to Raman Catholicsim". He felt strongly for William Lauds beliefs that there should be a uniformity of church services. The public grew scared that England was reverting back to Catholicism. Charles I disolved parliment in 1629 and lost most of the publics trust. Rebellion struck in Ireland, and Charles I tried to form a group of nobles, mercenaries, cavalry, and rural gentry. The English Civil war began under his rule. -
The House of Commons passes the Triennial Act
The "Long Parliament' ,wich sat from 1640-1660, passed the Triennal Act. This act or law forced the King to summon Parliament at least one time every three years. Parliament sought to reduce the power of the King. The House of Commons was becoming quite powerful due to its dense treasury. There power continued to rise. Charles I agreed to this act because he needed Parliaments help against a possible Scottish invasion. However, peace did not last long and soon the English Civil War began. -
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English Civil War
The English Civil War began because of conflict between the monarchy and parlament. Parlament created the New Model Army to attack Charles I forces to help convince Charles I to agree to their demands for him having less royal power and restraining from reforming the church. Parlament forces totaled the King's army at the Battles of Naseby and Langport in 1645. However, the King would not agree to these terms. Oliver Cromwell used his military force to kill the king. He became a dictator. -
Parliment reorganizes the New Model Army
Parliment wished to stop the monarchy's absolute rule over England. Trying to create a way in wich Parliment could protect the people, Parliment established the New Model Army to fight Charles I army. The New Model Army was ran by Sir Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell, a past House of Commons member. -
The New Model Army prevails at the Battles of Naseby and Langport
During the English Civil War, the New Model Army finally triumphed over Charles I army at the Battle of Naseby and Langport in the summer of 1645. Although parlament prevailed, Charles I had yet to formally announce he would reduce his power in political and social matters after the defeat at Naseby and Langport. -
Charles I is beheaded for High Treason charged by the Rump Parliament
Due to Charles I unwillingness to agree to the demands of the parliment, the forces of Cromwell took matters in their own hands. The army captured Charles I and selected a "Rump Parliament" that agreed with the army's actions. On January 30, 1649 Cromwells army charged Charles I to high treason and hung the past King. This greatly contradicted the belief in the "divine right of the king". -
Parliment and Oliver Cromwell institute the Navigation Acts
Under the Protectorate, the Navigation act was enforced in 1651. Cromwell had a mercantilist mindset and wished to create England with a prosperous economy. This act enforced English Goods to be only transported on English ships and vessels. -
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Oliver Cromwell leads the Commonwealth of England under the Instrument of Government
Oliver Cromwell was born on April 25, 1599, in Huntingdon, eastern England. Cromwell overthrew King Charles I and became one of the most important figures in the history of England to this point. Additionally, he played the lead role in bringing Charles I to trial and execution, and was a key figure during the civil war.Even though Cromwell’s parents were both Protestants and despite opposition from his council, Oliver was often cruel and tyrannical but he made many contributions to England. -
Restoration of the monarchy in England (Charles II)
The English Restoration began in 1660 when General George Monck met with Charles and arranged to restore him in exchange for a promise of amnesty and religious toleration for his former enemies. Then, on May 25, 1660, Charles landed at Dover and four days later entered London in triumph. It was his 30th birthday, and London rejoiced at his arrival. In the first year of the Restoration, Oliver Cromwell was posthumously convicted of treason and his body hanged in the gallows. -
Charles II becomes King of England
After the Restoration of the English Monarchy, Charles II stated he was "not to set out in his travels again" politically. Charles II sought to keep amicable relations between the monarchy and parlament. He had five advisors to help restore peace to england. They are Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley-Cooper, and Lauderdale. However, Charles disolved parlament when he heard that they were passing an act that would not permit a Roman Catholic to take the crown, wich was his brother. -
Charles II marries Catherine of Braganza
Charles II married Catherine of Braganza, a Portuguese princess, in May 1662. They were first married by a secret ceremony with a Catholic ritual, demanded by Catherine, and then publicly by an Anglican ceremony. Her religion prevented her from being crowned, as Roman Catholics were forbidden to take part in Anglican services. Catherine's dowry brought the territories of Tangier and Bombay to British control. Bombay had a major influence on the development of the British Empire in India. -
Act of Uniformity
The Act of Uniformity was enacted by Parliament after the restoration of the monarchy. It required the use of all the rites and ceremonies in the Book of Common Prayer of 1662 in church services. Adherence to the Act of Uniformity was required in order to hold any office in government or the church. Over 2,000 clergymen refused to take the oath as a result of this Act and were expelled from the Church of England in what became known as the Great Ejection of 1662. -
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The Third Anglo-Dutch War
Third Dutch War was a military conflict between England and the Dutch Republic lasting from 1672 to 1674. It was part of the larger Franco-Dutch War. England's Royal Navy joined France in its attack on the Republic, but was frustrated in its attempts to blockade the Dutch coast by four strategic victories by Lieutenant-Admiral Michiel de Ruyter. An attempt to make the province of Holland an English protectorate likewise failed. Parliament, feared that this was a way to make England Catholic. -
Parliment passes the Test Act
Parliment sought to unify reliogous aspects of the country by creating an act. Altough this act wasn't heavily enforced, Parliment passed the Test Act in 1673. This stated that civilians who would not receive the Eucharist of the Church of England could not partake in political matters. This included attending school at universities, preaching, teaching, holding a public office, or voting. However, the jury did not often convict people who were guilty against this act. -
James II became King of England
James II became king after the death of his brother Charles II. James reign lasts from 1685 to 1688. James had converted to Catholicism before his reign and this became known when he refused to perform to the Test Act of 1673. During his reign, James appointed Roman Catholics to positions in the army, the universities, and the local government. He also issued a declaration of indulgence granting religious freedom to all, further upsetting the anti-Catholics. He was overthrown by William and Mary -
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Glorious Revolution of England
Although King William from the Netherlands, mustered an army to confront James II no blood was shed during this revolution. William and Mary took over the English crown from James II. The revolution was started from the birth of a male heir to the throne who would ensure England to Catholosim. James II daughter favored Protestantism and looked to take action against this outcome. The King fled to France without a fight. -
William and Mary become King and Queen of England
Mary was the Protestant daughter of James II. She was married to Prince William of Orange. William and Mary were crowned king and queen of England in 1689 when they took the throne from Parliament through the Glorious Revolution after James fled to France. William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights and established a new co-operation between monarchs and Parliament. Mary died in 1694 and William continued ruling until his death in 1702.
