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Period: 1509 to 1547
Reign of Henry VIII
The reign of Henry VIII lead to the Henrician Reformation. It strengthened the King's power and solidified the English power.
He created the Church of England. -
1517
Martin Luther wrote the Ninety-Five Theses
The Ninety-Five Theses is a critique about the Catholic Church written by Luther. He nailed it on the door of a university in Wittenberg. It started the European reformation. -
1526
The Tyndale Bible
Official Bible -
1534
Act of Supremacy
The king Henry VIII was made "Supreme Head of the Church of England" -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Reign of Edward VI
Edward VI died young , however he introduced the Book of Common Prayer to the people and spread the Protestant doctrine. -
Jan 15, 1549
The Book of Common Prayer
It became the official service book of the Church of England. -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Reign of Mary I
After the death of her brother King Edward VI, Mary (Tudor) I became the first Queen of England. During her reign, she restored Catholicism in 18 months. She was also called "Bloody Mary" -
Period: 1553 to
The Poor Laws
Central and local governments had a responsibility for helping the poor. However it also established a distinction between the “deserving poor” and the “undeserving poor”. These laws were passed in 1553, 1597 and 1601. -
Period: 1558 to
Reign of Elizabeth I
The reign of Elizabeth was not an easy one. She fought to keep her throne and to secure Protestantism in England. She never married and was called the "Virgin Queen" and was quite criticised about that. -
1559
Act of Uniformity
With this act prayers must use the Book of Common Prayer. -
Feb 25, 1570
Papal Bull
Through this Papal Bull, Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth I from Church. It almost gave believers a licence to kill the Queen, without having the fear of not going to Heaven. -
1571
The Treason Act
Anyone who said that Elizabeth was not the true Queen of England and Wales was responsible of treason. -
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots
She was beheaded in front of the people. The day of her death she wore a red dress, symbol of the Catholic martyrs -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada
The Spanish King supported several plots against Elizabeth which led her to support the Dutch revolt against Spain. In retaliation the King attempted to invade England that led to the defeat of Spain and to a victorious England. -
Death of Queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth died at the age of 69. She reached her goal to secure England's position in the world and to impose Protestantism.
Her successor is the son of her cousin Mary Queen of Scots. Therefore James VI of Scotland became James I of England. -
Period: to
Reign of James I
Son of Mary Queen of Scots. He was King of Scotland (1567) and England (1603). He was a strong believer in the divine rights of kings. -
The gunpowder plot
Conspiracy by a small group of catholics to blow up the Parliament and kill the King James I. -
The first colony
establishment of the 1st colony in Virginia, named Jamestown after King James I -
Period: to
The starving time
Period of starvation of colonies. Only 60 of the 500 colonists survived. -
King James'Bible
New English translation of the Bible -
Period: to
The Thirty Years'War
Conflict between German Protestants and Catholics, and then involving France, Scandinavia, the Dutch Republic, Spain. As Protestants, the English Kingdom had to intervene especially to help the King's daughter and son in law. -
Plymouth colony
Englishmen left England on the Mayflower -
Petition of Rights
It is a petition aimed to limit the power of King Charles I. -
The Three Resolutions
Parliament declared that every person trying to alter the actual religion will be considered an enemy of the Kingdom.
Anyone who tried to influence the King to collect custom duties without Parliament's consent will also be considered an enemy.
These Three Resolutions led to the Personal Rule. -
Period: to
The Personal Rule
The King ruled without calling a Parliament for 11 years. -
Period: to
Reign of Charles I
Son of James I, Charles I favoured the arminians (minority wing of the Anglicans) -
The Short Parliament
It was the first time after 11 years that Charles called a Parliament. He dissolved it 3 weeks after. -
Period: to
The Long Parliament
Charles called the Parliament again and this time it lasted until 1660. The dissolution of Parliament required its consent and they had to meet at least every 3 years. -
The Grand Remontrance
The Grand Remontrance was an important document which summarised the numerous wrong doings of King Charles I. It concluded on several "revolutionary" demands. -
Militia Act
Ordinance passed to give the power to Parliament to choose the general of the army. They took the power of army from the King. -
Period: to
3 Civil Wars
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Battle of Naseby
The Parliamentarian New model Army destroyed the Royalists army under Charles I. -
Pride's purge
The vote of Parliament was stopped by Colonel Pride who entered the House of Lords and arrested the 45 conservative leaders members of Parliament. The rest of the members were called the "Rump Parliament" -
Period: to
The Commonwealth
In March 1649, the Monarchy and House of Lords were abolished. Therefore England declared the Commonwealth which is a Republic. -
Instrument of Government
First and only Constitution of England which protected freedom of worship. -
Period: to
The Cromwellian Protectorate
Military dictatorship which succeeded the Commonwealth. It was led by the Lord Protector Cromwell. He died in 1658, his son took over before resigning after 6 months. -
Declaration of Breda
After the Cromwellian Protectorate, Charles II issued the Declaration of Breda processing general amnesty, religious toleration and to share the power with Parliament. -
Period: to
Reign of Charles II
Son of King Charles I, he was proclaimed King of Scotland when his father was executed. He raised a Scottish army to invade England but he was defeated by Cromwell in 1651. He dissolved the English Parliament in 1681 and ruled alone until his death. -
Period: to
Outbreak of the plague
Epidemic which brought death and devastated the country. the Great plague killed thousands of people. -
Great Fire of London
The fire started in a bakery and destroyed London. -
Period: to
Reign of James II
Son of Charles I. He took the throne after the death of his brother Charles II. He was a disliked Catholic. People were afraid that he would try to impose absolute catholicism.
He fled to France during the Glorious Revolution. -
The Glorious Revolution
It was a bloodless revolution that led King James II to flee the country. His son in law also took the crown and became King William III. -
Period: to
Reign of William III
King William III also called William of Orange took the throne in 1689. With the Constitutional monarchy he became joins monarch with Mary (his wife). -
The Bill Of Rights
The power of the King was limited for the first time. -
The Act of Settlement
This act ensured the succession of a protestant King. It put dozens of catholic heirs out of line. -
Period: to
Reign of Anne
Anne was Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland until her death. -
Act of Union between England and Scotland
Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain with England, Wales and Scotland. It was the ultimate dream of King James I.