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Acadians are exiled from their homes
W: Acadians, Canadian soldiers
W: soldiers rounded up Acaidans to deport them and burned their crops and homes.
W: 1682 - 1755
W: Nova Scotia
W: They became more independent and had to become allies with Britain and France.
H: Getting rid of the Acadians got rid of Britain and France's ally ties in Canada. -
The Conquest (Battle on the Plains of Abraham)
Who: British General James Wolf, Marquis de Montcalm (French)
What: A British invasion force led by General James Wolfe defeated French troops under the Marquis de Montcalm, leading to the surrender of Quebec to the British.
Where: Quebec, Canada
When: September 13, 1759
Why: A pivotal event in the Seven Years War
How: the British defeated the French, leading into the French surrendering -
The Royal Proclamation determines that First Nations are sovereign
Who: King George III
What: a proclamation to establish a basis of government administration in the North American territories formally ceded by France to Britain in the Treaty of Paris.
When: 1763
Where: Canada
Why: It established the constitutional outline for the negotiation of treaties with the Aboriginal peoples residency in large sections of Canada.
How: This was important because if Canada didn't negotiate a treaty then people might've not gotten along very well. -
Lord Durham’s report encourages the assimilation of the Francophone colonists
Who: Lord Durham
What: He was sent to investigate the causes of the twin rebellions the year before in the colonies of Upper and Lower Canada.
When: 1838
Where: Upper and Lower Canada
Why: So they could see what was happening and how escalated it got.
How: He was sent to report the causes of the twin rebellions and brought back valuable information -
Confederation - 1867
W: Canadian government
W The union of the British North American colonies of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada was the first step in building a nation that would come to encompass other territories, and fulfill the dream of a country "mari usque ad mare".
W: July 1st, 1867.
W: Canada
W: It was created in a series of conferences and negotiations.
H: This eventually helped Canada in later years. -
The Indian Act is first created
Who: Canadian Government
What: A way that the government administers Indian status, local Firs Nation governments, and the management of reserve land and communal monies.
When: 1876
Where: Canada
Why: It mainly focusing on the removal of particularly discriminatory sections.
How: This helps eliminate of discrimination of those people. -
Chinese Head Tax discriminates against Chinese immigration
Who: the Chinese
What: the Chinese had to pay a immigration fee of $50 ( it late raised to $100 then to $500) to get into Canada
When:1885
Where: Canada
Why: the government didn't like the Chinese.
How: the government made it harder for Chinese immigrants to live in Canada. -
Riel Rebellion
W: Canadian Government vs (mainly) Metis militants and Aboriginal allies.
W: The North West Rebellion was a violent, five month, insurgency against the Canadian Government.
W: March 26 – May 12, 1885
W: Saskatchewan and Alberta.
W: It was caused by rising fear and insecurity among the Metis and Aboriginal peoples and the white settlers of the West.
H: This was very important because it played a key role in the Battle of Fish Creek. -
Manitoba Schools Question becomes an issue in the federal election
Who: Government of Manitoba, Francophone people
When: 1890
Where: Manitoba, Canada
What: Franco-phone's in Manitoba struggled for an education
Why: They wanted education for everyone but didn't know if they should be taught in English or their mother tongue and religion.
How: It was considered the most important "school crisis" -
Conscription crisis during World War One
When: August 29, 1917
What: English wanted a Conscription while the French didn't. The French didn't want to fight for Britain
Why: the conscription was mandatory but then the French said they didn't want it
Who: French and English people
Where: Canada
How: The french didn't want to fight with Britain -
Chinese Immigration Act
Who: Chinese immigrants, the Canadian government
What: the Chinese were banned from entering Canada for 24 years
When: 1923
Why: Chinese were singled out because of racism
Where: Canada
How: the government didn't want Chinese in Canada for 24 years -
The referendum is held to decide if Newfoundland should join Canada
Who: Newfoundland and Canadian government
What: a vote deciding if Newfoundland should become part of Canada
Where: Canada
When: 1949
Why: Newfoundland had to join because they got out voted but hey wanted to be independent
How: Things would be different if they didn't join and things probably wouldn't of happened -
Quiet Revolution
W: Jean Lesage
W: Jean Lesage's party introduced the many reforms collectively called the Quiet Revolution. The Quiet Revolution was a time of rapid change experienced in Quebec.
W: 1960
W: Quebec
W: It changed Quebec because a new middle class fought for more control over Quebec's economic resources, failed attempts were made to bring clarity to the role of the francophone society in Canada.
H: This affected Canada because it changed Quebec -
Election of the Parti Quebecois
Who: René Lévesque was the PQ's first leader
What: A political party in Quebec
When: 1968 - present
Where: Quebec
Why: It originally was created for one goal, Quebec sovereignty
How: This is important because Quebec finally got a political party -
The White Paper on Aboriginal Rights
Who: Government of Canada
What: A policy paper that attempted to abolish previous legal documents pertaining to Indigenous peoples in Canada, including Indian Act Treaties, and assimilate all "Indian" in Canada.
When: 1969
Where: Canada
Why: They didn't want them.
How: This was important because if they did really get rid of it then it'd be different. -
The Red Paper
W: Pierre Trudeau
W: It was a response to the White Paper being rejected. The Red paper also known as Citizen Plus, embodied the national Aboriginal stance on the White Paper statement "There is nothing more important than our treaties, our lands and the well-being of our future generations.".
W: 1970
W: Canada
W: Pierre wanted a "just" society and wanted to eliminate the Indian Act but the government saw that as discrimination.
H: It could've been problematic if this went through. -
FLQ Crisis
W: James Cross,Pierre Laporte
W: It started with a kidnapping of James Cross, the British trade commissioner in Montreal. It turned into a extreme terrorist act carried out on Canadian soil after another official, Minister of Immigration and Minister of Labor Pierre Laporte, was kidnapped and killed.
W: October 5th,1970
W: Montreal,Quebec
W: A terrorist took James Cross and killed another man, Pierre Laporte who were important.
H: Because it was the biggest terror act on Canadian soil. -
Canada adopts official multiculturalism
Who: the federal government
Why: to protect Canada's many different cultures
What: a policy put in effect to protects multiculturalism in Canada
When: 1971
Where: Canada
Why: To keep cultures alive in Canada.
How: the federal government chose to put it in effect -
The Calder Case
W: Nisga’a chief Frank Calder
W: He reviewed the existence of Aboriginal land claims historically occupied by the Nisga’a peoples of northwestern British Columbia.
W: 1973
W: British Colombia
W: This was important stuff to recognize and go over who's land is who's.
H: This is an important event because without it there could've been more protests over someone wanted to build something on historical land. -
Bill 101 is passed into law in Quebec
Who: René Lévesque, Camille Laurin
What: French became an official language in Canada.
When: 1977
Where: Canada
Why: To keep everyone happy and to keep the French language alive in Canada
How: This kept French alive in Canada -
Referendum 1980
Who: Quebec Government, Canadians
What: When the government asked the people of Quebec to give a mandate to “negotiate a new constitutional agreement with the rest of Canada, based on the equality of nations.”
When: 1980
Where: Quebec
Why: The PQ had made a promise to Quebec about having sovereignty so they were trying to full fill that promise
How: It affects Canada because they did not come to an agreement -
The NEP (National Energy Program) is implemented
Who: Federal Government
What: It was an attempt to gain greater control over the Canadian petroleum industry, secure Canadian oil supplies, and redistribute Alberta's oil wealth to the rest of the country.
When: 1980
Where: Canada
Why: the Federal Government wanted more control
How: the Federal Government had some control and wanted more control -
Quebec refuses to sign the constitution
Who: Quebec government, Britain, Canadian government.
What: The Constitution was created to allowed Canada to make decisions without Britain's input but Quebec said no.
When: 1982
Where: Canada
Why: Quebec didn't want Canada to be able to have that ability,
How: It was a huge landmark in Canadian history. -
Meech Lake Accord
Who: Progressive Government Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, Québec government
What: PM Brian Mulroney tried to get Quebec's consent to the revised Canadian Constitution
When: 1987
Where: Canada
Why: To amend the Constitution and strengthen provincial powers and declaring Québec a "distinct society."
How: It strengthened the provincial powers -
Supreme Court determines that turbans can be worn with the RCMP uniform – reasonable accommodation
Who: Baltej Singh Dillon
What: Allowing Turbans to be worn instead of a traditional stetson hat.
When: 1988 - 90
Where: Canada
Why: It was the right thing to do.
How: Baltej Singh Dillon fought the law because its part of their culture. -
Oka Crisis
W:Mohawk People,Canadian army, police
W:A protest between,Mohawks,police and army. The protest started b/c the gov't of Quebec wanted to build a golf course on Mohawk burial ground. A police officer was killed and that caused the army to come in and they resolved the protest.
W:July 11- 26,1990
W:Oka,Quebec
W:The Quebec wanted a golf course in Oka but half of the land they wanted to build it on had a burial ground of Mohawks.
H:This was an important time because people wouldn't of been happy. -
Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
Who: The Royal Commission
What: The Commission's report had several recommendations, the majority of which were not fully implemented.
When: 1991
Where: Canada
Why: It was established In the wake of the Oka Crisis.
How: They discovered the relationship between Aboriginals and Non Aboriginals -
Formation of the Bloc Quebecois
Who: Lucien Bouchard
What: A federal party created in Quebec composed of MP's who left the Conservative and Liberal parties after the failure of the Meech Lake Accord.
When: June 15, 1991.
Where: Quebec
Why: The party promotes Québec's interests and Québec sovereignty in the House of Commons.
How: It was very important because it helped Quebec. -
Quebec Referendum 1995
Who: The Progressive Conservative Party, Minister Brian Mulroney
What: The failure of the Meech Accord and the Charlotte Accord left uncertainty foe the constitution future of Canada so they created a second Referendum.
When: October 30th, 1995
Where: Quebec
Why: to protect the Future of Canada's constitution.
How: This is important because if this didn't happen then who knows what could've happened. -
Recognition of Quebecois nation 2006
Who: Stephen Harper
What: Quebec was to be recognized as a "nation within a nation" but said no to Quebec becoming its own independent nation.
When: 2006
Where: Canada
Why: So that Canada wouldn't be split up and because Harper didn't want Quebec to become independent.
How: This was very important because then we wouldn't have Quebec. -
The publication of the TRC 94 Calls to Action
Who: previous attendants of residential schools, the government
What: the government apologies and repair harm to any one or to the family of ones who attended residential schools.
Where: Canada
When: June 3rd, 2015
Why: It was the right thing to do but was a little too late.
How: Justice Murray Sinclair said that the people who endured physical and mental harm while at a residential school gets an apology and the government wants to repair harm on the people and or their families. -
National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls
Who: the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls
What: They are trying to find the truth, honoring the truth, giving life to the truth as a path to healing for the missing and murdered
When: 2016
Where: Canada
Why: To eliminate the missing person cases and murders of the women and girls and to give the families of the victims closure
How: this is very important to Canada because we have so many missing or/and murdered Indigenous women and girls -
Canada apologizes for Residential Schools
W: PM Justin Trudeau, Residential School families(attendees)
W: Trudeau apologized to the families and survivors of the schools in Newfoundland and Labrador.
W: November 2017
W: Goose Bay, Newfoundland
W: Everyone recognized it was wrong to force Aboriginal children into those schools and even though not everyone will accept the apology they know it was needed to be said.
H: This is important because anyone who attended those schools were put through unimaginable terror and torture.
