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Acadians are exiled from their homes
Who: Acadians
When: 1730
Where: Nova Scotia
What: The British invaded the Acadians homes
Why:They were a threat to the British and their land
This was an attack on the Acadian people
This was an act of discrimination and British settlers taking over their land. Many were killed -
The Battle of Abraham
Who: Anglophone vs Francophone
When: Sept 13 1759
Where: Quebec
Why: It was a battle for territory and power
What: It was one of the bloodiest battles on Canadian soil
It was a 15 minute battle and the Anglophones had won, which can be traced back to why Canada is mostly English speaking. This gave the Anglophones more power and stereotyped the French as less in Canada. -
The Royal Proclamation determines that First Nation are Soverign
Who: First Nations, Britain
Where: North America
When: 1763
What: This was a proclamation that gave First Nations their title and also states that Canada is Aboriginal land until ceded by treaty.
Why: To give sovereignty to the Aboriginal people
This gave the First Nations more self determination -
Durham Report
Who: Durham and Franco phones
When: 1838
Where: Lower and upper Canada
Why: Durham wanted to unite lower and upper Canada and assimilate the French language and culture
What: He filed a report to assimilate the Francophone people
The Francophone people had to protect and fight back so the assimilation of the French never ended up working too well, however it was taken into action. This ended up using this as a way to unite the French in the end. -
Confederation of 1867
Who: The leaders of all the provinces and territory's
When: July 1 1867
Where: Canada
What: This was the unification of Canada
Why: Canada was a province and then once was the Confederation was made Canada became a country
This allowed the people of Canada to finally be a nation -
The Indian Act
Who: Only First Nations ( not Metis or Inuit people)
Where: The Parliament
When: 1867
What: This was so the government could have control of Aboriginal people in regards to the land, their rights, and cultural practices
Why: This was an attempt to assimilate them and make them adopt to their western standards, children also had to attend residential schools
This was an attempt to change the FMNI community and make them more "civilized" -
Riel Rebellion
Who: Louis Riel
When: 1884
Where: Saskatchewan
What: There was a fight against the Metis people and the European settlers
Why: The Metis people were upset about the Europeans trying to take over there land and there was a 5 month battle
The Metis people were being discriminated against and there was European people -
Chinese Head Tax
Who:Chinese immigrants and the government
When: 1885-1923
Where: Canada
Why:After the building of the rail way (which Chinese immigrants built) they were discriminated against and would have to pay a tax of $500
What: Had to pay money to enter Canada, which many couldn't afford and even if they could, they were faced with discrimination and racism.
The Chinese had to pay to live in Canada. This is one of the first time we saw racial discrimination based on our immigration laws -
Manitoba School Questions
Who: Government, Church, School
Where: Manitoba
When: 1890- 1897
Why: Separation of school religion
What: French schools for Catholics and English schools for Protestants
This shows a fight to persevere language and culture of the French people in Canada -
Chinese Immigration Act
Who: Chinese people and the Canadian government
When: 1923
Where: Canada
Why: The government was purposefully excluding Chinese immigrants from entering Canada based on their race
What: They had to pay to enter Canda
This affected the Chinese people because they were being discriminated against -
Conscription of WWI
Who: The people and the government
When: 1944
Where:Canada
Why: WWI was happening and we needed people to fight
What: We needed more military services for WWI
Even though 80% of people in Quebec had voted against conscription, they still had to be sent to the war. This was another case of Franco-phones feeling ignored and discriminated against. -
Newfoundland joins Canada
Who: Newfoundlanders and Canadians
Where: Canada
When: March 31 1949
What: Canada was the 10th province to join Canada
Why: There was a vote on whether or not Newfoundland
Canada had a referendum and all most half of Newfoundland citizens didn't want too join Canada -
Quiet Reveloution
Who: Quebec
When:1960
Where::Quebec
What: There was a rapid change in Quebec in relation to their economic and social political and cultural systems
Why: Due to all the previous events in relations to the FLQ crisis and the Meech Lake accord
This was a change in Quebec involving the citizens and the government -
Election of Parti Qubecois/ 1980 Referendum
Who: The Parti Quebcois, Rene Levesque
Where: Quebec
When: October 13 1968
What: Rene Levesque made his own political party
Why: Rene wanted to join a program called "For a sovereign Quebec in a Canadian federation" but it didn't go through with the liberal party so he started his own movement
People who shared similar views with Rene were able to follow him with the Parti Quebecois -
The White Paper on Aboriginal Rights
Who: First Nations and the government (Trudeau)
Where:Canada
When: 1969
What: This was to abolish the other documents in the previous attempts with the assimilation on the First Nations ( the Indian Act)
Why: This was to makeup for the Indian Act
This allowed the First Nation community to get some of their rights back and gain their independence -
The Red Paper
Who: Federal government, Trudeau
When: 1969
Where: Canada
What: This was to end the discrimination of the Aboriginal people
Why: This gave the Native self governance
This was to allow Native people to not be discriminated against and gain a sense of independence for once -
FLQ crisis
Who:Pierre Laporte
When: October 5 !970
Where: Quebec
What: Pierre Laporte was kidnapped and killed
Why:The Killing of Laporte was in relation with the War Act and had to do with Trudeau being the prime minister at the time
There was over 450 people had been detained however most were not charged once they had been released. The FLQ had become a criminal act. -
Canada Adopts Official multiculturalism
Who: Federal government, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau
When: 1971
Where:Canada
What:Canada embraces the different ethnicity's that are living throughout the provinces
Why: Canada had started to accept non-white immigrants
Trudeau had made a policy to promote and protect diversity. He also made French the second official language. This allowed more people to feel connected to each other as a nation. -
The Calder Case
Who: Frank Calder
When: 1973
Where: Supreme court
Why: This was so their would be a recognition that Aboriginals have a saw in law
What: This was in contrary to the White Paper
This allowed Natives to finally have a voice and a recognition within the law -
NEP is implented
Who: Federal government, Canadian petroleum industry
When: 1980
Where: Mostly Alberta but other provinces in Canada too
What: Trudeau decided to
Why: Reduce Canada's dependence on foreign oil,encouraging self deficiency in domestic supplies, redistribute oil wealth through taxes
Albertan felt like this was just a way for Ottawa to gain more money. They felt like they should cut off ties with Ottawa and Quebec to fight back. -
Quebec Refuses to Sign the Constitution
Who:Quebec government
When: 1982
Where: Quebec, Supreme court
What: Quebec wouldn't sign the constitution
Why: Quebec had lost its veto to contribute with any constitutional changes in the future, and they want the French language to be protected
Franco phones want them to be -
Bill 101 is Passed into Law in Quebec
Who: Supreme court
Where: Quebec
When: June 26 1984
What: The supreme court declared there was an invalid section of 72 and section 73
Why: This is dealing with the right to have children educated in their language ( English or French)
This was to make sure that Children are provided with education facilities within their language -
Baltej Dhillon Case
Who: Baltej Dhillon and the RCMP
When: March 1990
Where: British Columbia
What: Baltej wanted to change the dress code to accommodate to him so he would be able to serve for the RCMP
Why: The rules didn't allow Baltej to wear a turban or have facial hair, but this is went against his religion.
This was a good accommodation to people with the who shared the same religion -
The Oka crisis
Who:The Aboriginal community and the government
Where: Oka, Quebec
When: July- September 1990
What: A company was going to build a golf course over an Indian burial ground
Why: There was a protest against the development of the Golf course which eventually they cancelled the build of it.
There is spiritual ties to the land and the native community had to fight back to make sure that this was protected. This showed how disregarded the Aboriginal communities culture is from others -
Meech Lake Accord
Who: Quebec
Where: Supreme Court
When:June 3 1990
What: Quebec was left out of the signing of the constitution
Why: Even though Quebec was willing to sign the constitution they were left out
Quebec was upset about this, they were willing to sign the constitution with the exceptions that they are recognized as a distinct society and would have an increase in federal government power. -
Formation of the Bloc Quebecois
Who: The Bloc Quebecois
Where:Quebec
When: June 15th 1991
What: The Bloc Quebecois is a federal political party
Why: It was to give Quebec a national power
This allowed Quebec to have a voice in more political related things that are going on in Canada -
Royal Commissions on Aboriginal people
Who: The government and Aboriginal people
When: 1996
Where:
What: This was to address many of the issues on Aboriginal status
Why: There was a 4000 page final report made so it would give more recognition on Aboriginal current and pass conditions
This was to help with the status of the Aboriginal people living in Canada, this was so they could makeup for some of the history as well -
Charlottetown Accord.
Who: Brian Mulroney, Joe Clark
When: 1992
Where: Quebec Canada
What: There was a second attempt at joining all the provinces together
Why:Everyone wanted a renewed constitution that included Quebec
People wanted Canada to be unified and they made the constitution without the consent of Quebec, this was another attempt at fixing the issue -
Referendum 1995
Who: Jacques Parizeau
When:1995
Where: Quebec
What: There was a referendum held in 1995
Why: Jacques Parizeau had set up a referendum to be held. There was 50.58% of people who voted for "No" which people found suspicious. another referendum was held two years later in 1997
Many people didn't want there to be referendum which shows you peoples views on the whole situation going on with Quebec and the constitution -
Canada Apologizes for the Residential Schools
Who: Stephen Harper
When: June 11 2008
Where: Parliament
What: He was apologizing for the residential schools
Why: There was a lot of mistreatment to the Aboriginal community and there are still people living with the Trauma of the schools
This was the first time there was an apology from the government in regards to the Residential schools -
Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls in Canada
Who: Indigenous women and girls
Where: Canada
When: 2014
What: It was shown that there has been around 1200 women missing between 1980 and 2012 while others say it was 4000
Why: Indigenous women in Canada are 6 times more likely to be murdered than a non Indigenous woman. Many cases are unsolved and there is a thirst for justice.
Women in the native community are fighting for a right to justice with these unsolved cases. Many are upset about the unresolved issue -
The Publication of the TRC 94 calls to Action
Who: First Nations, the Canadian government
When: June, 3, 2015
Where: Rideau hall in Ottawa
What:The government made the TRC 94 calls to action because of the mistreatment of the FMNI groups that happened during the residential schools. This allows them to live in better conditions
Why: It was a attempt at genocide which we know view as a horrible thing to do to our FMNI people
We still have survivors from the Residential schools living in Canada today and people living with the trauma
