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Born in 1491, son of Henry VII, Henry VIII became king at age 17 in 1509 and died in 1547. He got married six times, seeking out for male heirs and alliances.
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This Act gave the king the right to annul marriages, which allowed him to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and eventually marry Anne Boleyn. They had a daughter : Elizabeth I
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Timespan that follows the late middle ages of the post-classical era
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Henry VIII, King of England and Ireland , was made " Supreme Head of the Church Of England " and started the Anglican church. -
In Lincolnshire and East Yorkshire, a succession of rebellions erupted, quickly extending to the north of England. It was because people were against Henry VIII's religious reforms.
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Son of Henry III and Jane Seymour, Edward VI became king at age 9. Firmly protestant, he introduced the Second Book Of Common Prayer in 1552.
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As a compromise between conservatives and reformers, the Book Of Common Prayer ( 1549) was published as an adaptation of the Mass Book.
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At age 37, Mary I, daughter of Catherine Of Aragon, is the first regnant Queen. She restored Catholicism in 18 months. She was infamously called " bloody Mary" as se persecuted protestants and burned 280 of them to the stakes for refusing to convert to catholicism. Hundreds of others fled the country.
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Daughter of Henry VIII and Ann Boleyn, Elizabeth I is the last heir of the Tudor dynasty. Her reign was a Golden age for England, as she apeased religious and political tensions, but also saw the flourishing of cultural activities such as theatre, music and more. A protestant Queen for 45 years, she never married, which got her the nickname of " The Virgin Queen ".
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This act made Elizabeth I the "Supreme Governor of the Church of England", supplanting the power of Pope Pius V.
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The Northern Rebellion was a failed attempt to replace Elizabeth I by Mary I, made by upper class catholics.
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As Elizabeth I had protestant convictions and noticing that she won't revert to catholicism, Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth I from the Roman Catholic Church and declared that she wasn't the true Queen Of England. -
It reinforced the 1534 Act of Supremacy by making it illegal to criticize the monarchy. It was a crime punishable by law.
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Daughter of King James V of Scotland and Mary Of Guise, she was Elizabeth I's cousin, and a threat to her. Mary Queen of Scots was catholic, and was seen as a real replacement for Elizabeth I by catholic conservatives. The Queen kept her imprisoned, but after she discovered the many plots made by the conservatives and Mary Queen Of Scots which threatened to kill her, she executed her. For her execution, she wore a red dress symbolizing catholic martyr.
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Phillip II, King of Spain and Catholic, supported the many plots against Elizabeth I. To defend herself and the protestant cause, the two countries waged war. Spain lost. -
British royal charter's company -
The Gunpowder plot was a conspiracy made by catholic conservatives to kill King James II and blow up the parliament as he refused to grant tolerance to catholics. It was led by Guy Fawkes. -
As England continued its expansion overseas, its first colonies were established in North America, the first one being in Virginia. -
The Thirty Years War was a fight between catholic and protestant countries in Europe.
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Son of Anne of Danemark and James VI of Scotland, Charles I became King after his brother Prince Henry died. He was the 2nd Stuart King of England.
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The Three Resolutions stated that whoever tried to change the protestant ways of the Church Of England , or brought " Poverty or Arminianism" was an enemy of the country and the monarchy. -
The Personal Rule was a time during which the King didn't summon the parliament. It lasted 11 years and was tyranny.
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Presbyterian Scotland was outraged by the introduction of the New Prayer Book in 1637 which brought in changes.This led to a civil war.
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It's a declaration voted by the parliament. It summarised all of the parliament's objections to Charles' policies, in various fields.
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Following his defeat during the Civil Wars, the King was imprisoned.
He was then beheaded. -
After the end of the second civil war and the execution of Charles I, England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales were governed as a republic.
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The interregnum is the time between the execution of Charles I and the arrival of his son Charles II on the throne, marking the beginning of the Restoration
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The abolition of the House Of Lords and the Monarchy led to England being declared a Commonwealth.
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The Instrument of Government is England's first written constitution. It established the English Protectorate for Great Britain.
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It was the time during which the Commonwealth was governed by a Lord Protector : Oliver Cromwell
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Charles II became king in 1661. Before that, he lived in exile, following his father's execution.
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The Declaration of Breda guaranteed amnesty, religious tolerance? finir
It was brought by Charles II. -
The monarchy was restored after the declaration of Breda. It lasted until 1671.
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This act ensured that all ministers swore to act in accordance with the Book Of Common Prayer.
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The plague outbreak was one of the many disasters that took place under Charles II's reign. -
It was an attempt to remove James II from the succession line to the throne. In retaliation, Charles II dissolved the parliament.
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James II was the last catholic monarch of England, Ireland and Scotland. He was the brother of Charles II
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Mary II and her dutch husband William of Orange replaced James II who was overthrown. Mary II was protestant and daughter of James II. James II was overthrown because the people feared a return of catholic absolutism. -
Mary II was the daughter of James II and William III was the son of William. In 1694 William III passed away and so Mary II was the only ruling monarch.
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Introduced to condemn King James II's abusive use of power, the Bill of Rights defined the principles of the monarchy.
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With all the possible Stuart heirs being catholic and given that Mary II couldn't have a healthy child, the Act of Settlement guaranteed that only protestant family members could inherit the English crown. -
Queen Anne was the last Stuart monarch and was oriented towards anglicanism. She introduced the first Act of Union and expanded England during her reign
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Creation of Great Britain with the union of England and Scotland
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Son of the Duke of Brunswick and his wife Sophia of Palatinate. He is the first monarch of the Hanover dynasty.
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A significant rise in alcoholism during this year -
Global conflict between France and Great Britain. The British wanted to expand into territory claimed by the French in North America.
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Britain loses its colonies in north America
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Revolutionary war against the french regime by french revolutionary men.
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An attempt to overthrow the Irish Kingdom. This event broke Irish connections with Great Britain and Ireland took inspiration from the french revolution to form the Irish Republic. -
The official union of Great Britain and Ireland forming the United Kingdom.