Brazilian Independence

Colonization of Brazil

Apr 22, 1500

Brazil was discovered/colonized by Pedro Alvares Cabral.

Regain of control

Jan 1, 1555

Portuguese create Rio de Janeiro after regainig control from the French.

Independence from Spain

Jan 1, 1640

Portuguese become independet from Spain ==> Joao IV takes the throne.

First Rebellion against Portugal

Jan 1, 1789

Joaquim Jose de Silva Xavier began/organized the first Brazilian rebellion against Portugal, but it was unsuccesful. The uprising was due to the taxation by Portuguese to Brazilians. But the crown quickly stopped the rebelion by executing and jailing the organizers.

French invasion

Jan 1, 1807

King Joao VI and his son Pedro leave to Brazil because the french (Napoelon) had invaded Portugal.

Transfer of Portuguese court

Nov 29, 1807

Maria the first of Portugal end its court of 15,000 people departed from Lisbon (brazilian colony) only days before Napoleonic forces invaded the colony.

Dom Joao arrival

Jan 22, 1808

Dom Joao and the court arrive to Bahia, Brazil and reach Rio de Janeiro, the capital, 4 days later.

Dom Joao is king

Mar 26, 1808

Dom Joao´s mother died, Donna Maria, and he is declared king of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarves. He was not expecting the throne so they say he was unprepared, weak, and uneducated which lead to giving up against France and England.

Dom Joao Recieves News

Apr 11, 1812

Dom Joao and his sons find out that Napoleon´s troops have definitly been kicked out of Portugal, which menas they must return to Portugal.

Battle of Waterloo

Jun 18, 1815

Napoleon is defeated so eventually he looses power in Portugal as well as in all the other countries.

Dom Joao´s return

Jan 26, 1821

Dom Joao returns to Portugal reluctantly, leaving his son Pedro behind (in Brazil). He tells Pedro if Brazil started moving towards independence he should not fight it but make sure that he was crowned emeperor.

Independence

Oct 12, 1822

Brazilian creoles organize themsleves because they believe they are culturaly different from Portugal so they created a brazilian party. The party conviced prince Pedro to make himslef king of Brazil. Brazil declares independece to Portugal.

Emperor

Dec 1, 1822

Pedro is crowned as an emperor.

Brazil is united

Jan 1, 1824

Brazil had its own constitution and its independence was reconized by USA and Great Britain. They were unified by means of very little violence.

Portugal recognizes Brazil

Aug 25, 1825

Portugal formally recognized Brazil´s independece, the fact that Joao was king of Portugal at the time helped the situation.

Pedro´s mistake

Mar 21, 1831

Brazilian liberals and Portuguese royalists fought in the streets causing Pedro to fire his liberal cabinet which led to an outrage and calls to make him abdicate.

Abdication

Apr 7, 1831

Pedro abdicates due to the various events against his power. He leaves his son Pedro II to rule but he is only 5 years old. Brazil is ruled by regents until his son is old enough to rule.

Slavery abolished

May 13, 1888

More than 4,000 slaves were set free after slave freedom was declared. Since the plantation owners were on top of the social pyramid Brazil had slaves until very late.

Republic

Jan 1, 1889

Pedro II gives up his throne and declares Brazil as a republic (elction of president).

Separation

Jan 1, 1890

The church and State were separated.