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Brazil was discovered/colonized by Pedro Alvares Cabral.
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Portuguese create Rio de Janeiro after regainig control from the French.
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Portuguese become independet from Spain ==> Joao IV takes the throne.
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Joaquim Jose de Silva Xavier began/organized the first Brazilian rebellion against Portugal, but it was unsuccesful. The uprising was due to the taxation by Portuguese to Brazilians. But the crown quickly stopped the rebelion by executing and jailing the organizers.
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King Joao VI and his son Pedro leave to Brazil because the french (Napoelon) had invaded Portugal.
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Maria the first of Portugal end its court of 15,000 people departed from Lisbon (brazilian colony) only days before Napoleonic forces invaded the colony.
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Dom Joao and the court arrive to Bahia, Brazil and reach Rio de Janeiro, the capital, 4 days later.
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Dom Joao´s mother died, Donna Maria, and he is declared king of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarves. He was not expecting the throne so they say he was unprepared, weak, and uneducated which lead to giving up against France and England.
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Dom Joao and his sons find out that Napoleon´s troops have definitly been kicked out of Portugal, which menas they must return to Portugal.
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Napoleon is defeated so eventually he looses power in Portugal as well as in all the other countries.
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Dom Joao returns to Portugal reluctantly, leaving his son Pedro behind (in Brazil). He tells Pedro if Brazil started moving towards independence he should not fight it but make sure that he was crowned emeperor.
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Brazilian creoles organize themsleves because they believe they are culturaly different from Portugal so they created a brazilian party. The party conviced prince Pedro to make himslef king of Brazil. Brazil declares independece to Portugal.
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Pedro is crowned as an emperor.
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Brazil had its own constitution and its independence was reconized by USA and Great Britain. They were unified by means of very little violence.
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Portugal formally recognized Brazil´s independece, the fact that Joao was king of Portugal at the time helped the situation.
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Brazilian liberals and Portuguese royalists fought in the streets causing Pedro to fire his liberal cabinet which led to an outrage and calls to make him abdicate.
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Pedro abdicates due to the various events against his power. He leaves his son Pedro II to rule but he is only 5 years old. Brazil is ruled by regents until his son is old enough to rule.
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More than 4,000 slaves were set free after slave freedom was declared. Since the plantation owners were on top of the social pyramid Brazil had slaves until very late.
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Pedro II gives up his throne and declares Brazil as a republic (elction of president).
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The church and State were separated.
