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believed in divine right
wanted to control British Parliament
struggle began between Parliament power vs. power of the king -
wanted a greater say in the government of the state
new class of country gentry and businessman
wanted sovereignty -
mercantilist
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authorized the fencing of open fields in the village
allowed the people to claim and cut off their own land
enclosure was necessary for technical progress
made fruit production marketable -
ruled without Parliament from 1629-1640
dissolvedd it in 1629, and was forced to summon it in 1640
Triennial Act forced him to summon Parliament every 3 years -
members of Parliament believed taxation without consent was despotism
revolt ion Scotland forced him to call new Parliament to finance army
Charles initiated military action against Parliament
tested whether power was in king or Parliament -
passed legislationm that limited power of monarchs
made arbitrary government impossible -
beheaded because of treason
-
he controlled army
defeated the royalists
divided England into 12 military districts, each governed by a major general -
re-established monarchy in Charles II
both houses of Parliament were restored with Anglican church, court of law, and sytem of local government through justices of peace -
oldest son of Charles I
intended to get along with Parliamebnt
appopinted the Cabal (council of 5 men)
they were his major advisors and members of Parliament -
secret agreement
Louis would give Charles 200 thousand pounds annually
in return, Charles would relax laws against Catholics (slowly making England Catholic)
Charles had to support French against Dutch
Charles had to convert to Catholicism -
appointed Roman Catholics to positions in miltaery, government, adn universities
issued declaration of indulgence grantings -
too okar after James was expelled
this ended the divine right monarchy
recognized supremacy of Parliament