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James I
believed in divine right
wanted to control British Parliament
struggle began between Parliament power vs. power of the king -
Power of the House of Commons
wanted a greater say in the government of the state
new class of country gentry and businessman
wanted sovereignty -
British Economy
mercantilist -
Enclosure Movement
authorized the fencing of open fields in the village
allowed the people to claim and cut off their own land
enclosure was necessary for technical progress
made fruit production marketable -
Charles I
ruled without Parliament from 1629-1640
dissolvedd it in 1629, and was forced to summon it in 1640
Triennial Act forced him to summon Parliament every 3 years -
English Revolution
members of Parliament believed taxation without consent was despotism
revolt ion Scotland forced him to call new Parliament to finance army
Charles initiated military action against Parliament
tested whether power was in king or Parliament -
Long Parliament
passed legislationm that limited power of monarchs
made arbitrary government impossible -
Execution of Charles
beheaded because of treason -
Oliver Cromwell and the Protectorate
he controlled army
defeated the royalists
divided England into 12 military districts, each governed by a major general -
English Restoration
re-established monarchy in Charles II
both houses of Parliament were restored with Anglican church, court of law, and sytem of local government through justices of peace -
Charles II
oldest son of Charles I
intended to get along with Parliamebnt
appopinted the Cabal (council of 5 men)
they were his major advisors and members of Parliament -
Pact with Louis XIV
secret agreement
Louis would give Charles 200 thousand pounds annually
in return, Charles would relax laws against Catholics (slowly making England Catholic)
Charles had to support French against Dutch
Charles had to convert to Catholicism -
James II
appointed Roman Catholics to positions in miltaery, government, adn universities
issued declaration of indulgence grantings -
William and Mary
too okar after James was expelled
this ended the divine right monarchy
recognized supremacy of Parliament